多源遥感数据在北京春季沙尘天气监测中的应用评估  

Application evaluation of multi-source remote sensing data in spring dust weather monitoring in Beijing

作　　者：徐路扬 翟亮[1] 王媛媛 雷蕾[1] 于波[1] 郝翠[1] 秦庆昌 XU Luyang;ZHAI liang;WANG Yuanyuan;LEI Lei;YU Bo;HAO Cui;QIN Qingchang(Beijing Weather Forecast Center,Beijing 100089,China;CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Center,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市气象台,北京100089 [2]中国气象局地球系统数值预报中心,北京100081 [3]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱气象》2023年第2期318-327,共10页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXFZ2022J013)资助。

摘　　要：利用2021年春季影响北京的3次沙尘(暴)天气过程(3月15日、28日和4月15日)中激光雷达、激光云高仪和云雷达3种遥感探测设备的探测数据,北京4个国家气象站能见度观测及北京市生态环境监测中心PM_(10)监测数据,综合分析3种遥感探测设备对沙尘监测的特点及优劣,以期提高沙尘天气预报预警技术。结果表明:激光雷达的消光系数和退偏振比可以较准确地区分沙尘气溶胶和大气污染物,在边界层和对流层中下层沙尘表现为高消光系数(>0.30 km-1)和高退偏振比(>10%);云高仪的近地面后向散射系数、云底高度与PM_(10)质量浓度、能见度变化有较好的对应关系,也能通过近地面后向散射系数的陡增和云底高度的下降来判断沙尘沉降;云雷达能探测到边界层(0~2 km)内的沙尘和对流层中上层(6~10 km)的沙尘云,且能探测垂直速度。综合来看,激光雷达是3类遥感探测设备中唯一能够区分沙尘和大气污染物的设备;云高仪在近地面层对沙尘的监测效果较好,且能够判断沙尘的持续时间;云雷达的探测距离最远且能探测垂直速度。Based on the detection data of three remote sensing detection devices(lidar,laser cloud altimeter and cloud radar),the visibility observation of four national weather stations in Beijing and the PM_(10) monitoring data of Beijing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center during three dust(storm)weather processes(March 15,March 28 and April 15)affecting Beijing in spring 2021,the characteristics and advantages of three kinds of remote sensing detection equipment for dust monitoring are analyzed comprehensively in order to improve dust weather forecasting and early warning technology.The results show that the lidar can accurately distinguish dust aerosol and atmospheric pollutants under the combination of extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio.The observation of dust in the boundary layer and the middle and lower layer of the troposphere shows high extinction coefficient(more than 0.30 km-1)and high depolarization ratio(more than 10%).The near-ground backscatter coefficient and cloud bottom height of the cloud altimeter have a good corresponding relationship with PM_(10) mass concentration and visibility changes,and we can also judge the dust settlement through the sharp increase of near-ground backscatter coefficient and the decrease of cloud bottom height.The cloud radar can detect dust in the boundary layer(0-2 km)and the dust cloud in the upper and middle troposphere(6-10 km),and it also can detect the vertical velocity.In general,lidar is the only one among the three kinds of remote sensing detection equipment that can distinguish dust and air pollutants.Cloud altimeter has good monitoring effect on sand and dust near surface layer,and it can judge the duration of sand dust.Cloud radar has the longest detection range and can detect vertical velocity.

关 键 词：沙尘 激光雷达 云高仪 云雷达 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]