不同品种燕麦牧草体外瘤胃降解和发酵特性的研究  

Rumen Degradation and Fermentation Characteristics of Different Oat Forages Using In Vitro Technique

作　　者：杜瑞平 张乐欢 宋利文 贺志雄[2] 高民 DU Ruiping;ZHANG Lehuan;SONG Liwen;HE Zhixiong;GAO Min(Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed,Inner Mongolia,Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Inner Mongolia Huhhot 010031,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hunan Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第9期56-62,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项[XDA26050102-1]。

摘　　要：为了解不同燕麦品种的瘤胃降解及发酵特性,采集10个燕麦品种(青海444、林纳、青引1号、青燕1号、青引2号、加燕2号、青海甜燕麦、骏马、莫妮卡、青莜3号)抽穗期全株样品,首先通过化学分析法测定其营养价值,然后选用3只体重接近的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年湘东肉羊作为瘤胃液供体动物,并利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵法对选取的牧草进行体外瘤胃发酵试验,测定发酵6、24、48、72 h的干物质降解率和48 h的产气量,以及发酵24 h挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。结果表明:在不同品种燕麦牧草营养成分中,粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、半纤维素、淀粉含量存在显著差异(P<0.05);营养成分含量范围:粗蛋白9.23%~13.69%、粗灰分7.30%~8.31%、NDF 47.46%~54.04%、ADF 24.52%~31.03%、半纤维素21.44%~26.64%、淀粉3.43%~4.27%、总能14.59~15.05 MJ/kg;加燕2号、青引1号的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05)。体外发酵参数差异亦存在显著差异,青海444的理论最大产气量和48 h累积产气量高于其他品种,且6、24、72 h的干物质降解率最高。青海甜燕麦的产气速率最高,除青莜3号外,其他品种的48 h干物质降解率差异不显著(P>0.05)。总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度范围为55.79~67.25 mmol/L,青燕1号最高,其丙酸含量也较高;乙丙比范围为2.74~3.41,加燕2号最高,青燕1号最低;NH3-N浓度范围为114.00~202.19 mg/L,青莜3号最高,青燕1号最低。综上,同一种类不同品种的燕麦牧草在营养成分含量上存在显著差异,营养成分含量不同对体外瘤胃发酵参数有显著影响。从营养成分上看,加燕2号营养价值较高;从体外发酵参数来看,青海444和青燕1号两个品种潜在饲用价值更高。This experiment was conducted to investigate rumen degradation and fermentation characteris⁃tics of 10 oat forage varieties in vitro.A total of 10 oat varieties(Qinghai 444,Linna,Qingyin 1,Qingyan 1,Qingyin 2,Jiayan 2,Qinghai Sweet Oat,Junma,Monica,Qingyou 3)at heading stage were collected,and their nutritional contents were determined by chemical analysis method;the rumen fermentation exper⁃iments were carried out by using in vitro simulated rumen fermentation technique.The dry matter deg⁃radation rate in 6,24,48 h and 72 h,48 h gas pro⁃duction,24 h VFA concentration and NH3-N con⁃centration were measured.The results showed that there were significant differences in crude protein,crude ash,NDF,ADF,starch and hemi⁃cellulose among different varieties of oat forages(P<0.05).The content of crude protein ranged from 9.23%to 13.69%,crude ash ranged from 7.30%to 8.31%,NDF ranged from 47.46%to 54.04%,ADF ranged from 24.52%to 31.03%,hemicellulose ranged from 21.44%to 26.64%,starch ranged from 3.43%to 4.27%,and total energy ranged from 14.59 MJ/kg to 15.05 MJ/kg.The crude protein content of Qingyin 1 and Jiayan 2 were significantly high⁃er than that of other oat varieties(P<0.05).In vitro fermentation parameters were also significantly differ⁃ent.The potential maximum gas production and 48 h gas production of Qinghai 444 were higher than those of other varieties,and 6,24 and 72 h dry matter degradation rate was the highest.The gas produc⁃tion rate of Qinghai sweet oats was highest,and the 48 h dry matter degradation rate of 9 varieties ex⁃cept Qingyou 3 had no significant difference(P>0.05).Total volatile fatty acids concentration ranged from 55.79 mmol/L to 67.25 mmol/L.Qingyan 1 was highest,and its propionate content was also relative⁃ly high(P<0.05);The ratio of acetate to propionate ranged from 2.74 to 3.41,with Jiayan 2 being the highest and Qingyan 1 the lowest;The concentration of ammonia nitrogen range was 114.0-202.19 mg/L,and the highest was Qingyou 3,and the lowest was Qingyan 1.The variet

关 键 词：燕麦 体外发酵 干物质降解 产气量 挥发性脂肪酸 氨态氮 

分 类 号：S816.51[农业科学—饲料科学]