《孔子家语》中的孔子及孔门儒学主张  

Confucius and Confucian Teachings in Kongzi Jiayu(Family Sayings of Confucius)

作　　者：祁志祥 QI Zhixiang(Institute of Humanities and Arts,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文艺术研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期42-53,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦思想史:从‘神本’到‘人本’”(项目编号:19FZXB060)。

摘　　要：《孔子家语》是战国后期孔子弟子记录整理的一部孔子言行录。它为人们在《论语》之外完整理解孔子及孔门儒学主张提供了重要补充。今本《孔子家语》十卷、四十四篇,在保留孔子家世、生平、业绩及“七十二弟子”名录方面提供了一手资料,揭示了孔子的“存亡祸福,皆己而已”的神人感应观,从“仁”“礼”“德”“法”四方面论析了孔子心中的“明王之道”,从“士人”“君子”“贤人”“圣人”诸方面阐述了孔子眼中的修身之道,并补充论析孔子关于“人道”之依据(人性)的思考,包括人的“性命”“人情”的涵义以及因人情而治人的“人义”规范。宋代以来,《孔子家语》一直被视为王肃假托的伪书。20世纪70年代两次汉墓出土文献证明此书不伪,应当纳入先秦儒学研究视野。Kongzi Jiayu(Family Sayings of Confucius)is a collection of Confucius’statements and deeds by Confucius disciples in the late Warring States period(ca.475⁃221 BC).It is an important supplement to The Analects for a thorough understanding of Confucius and Confucian teachings.The modern edition of Kongzi Jiayu,with 10 volumes and 44 pieces of writing,provides first⁃hand information on the preservation of Confucius’family background,life experience,achievements and the list of“seventy⁃two disciples.”It reveals Confucius’concept of telepathy between God and man,analyzes the“way of the sage king”in Confucius’mind from four aspects:“benevolence,”“rite,”“morality,”and law,and expounds Confucius’way to self⁃cultivation from the aspects of“scholars,”“a man of noble character,”“sages,”and“saints,”and supplements Confucius’basis of“humanity.”Since the Song Dynasty(960⁃1279),Kongzi Jiayu has been regarded as a fake book under the guise of Wang Su(王肃).The two unearthed documents from Han tombs in 1970s proved that this book is true,and it should be included in the field of pre⁃Qin Confucianism.

关 键 词：《孔子家语》 孔子身世 七十二弟子 神人关系 明王之道 修身之道 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]