言志传统与孔门言志文献的生成  

The Tradition of Expressing Ideal and the Making of Confucian Literature on Expressing Ideal

作　　者：夏德靠[1] XIA Dekao(College of Humanities,Huzhou University,Huzhou,Zhejiang 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期54-64,共11页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承的研究”(项目编号:20&ZD265)。

摘　　要：“诗言志”开创了“言志”传统,“赋诗言志”在春秋时期的外交场合颇为盛行,人们往往借助诗篇来委婉表达心中的情意。赋诗言志在春秋晚期开始衰歇,一种新的言志样式开始出现。孔子及其弟子一方面将“赋诗”变成“言诗”,一方面改造“赋诗言志”,将“言志”从“赋诗”中解构出来。孔门言志虽然沿承“赋诗言志”传统,但它改变了赋诗来言志的做法,而是直接陈述心中的志向。孔门言志文献在形态上主要呈现两种类型:一是实录型,文本较简短;二是编纂型,其文本较复杂。大抵而论,前者多为实录,后者则经过加工,是出于有意的编纂。通过这些文献,不仅可以了解“赋诗言志”传统的裂变与转向,而且这些文献本身也揭示了孔门的个体修养目标与社会理想,是理解儒家思想的重要依据。此外,孔门言志文献还在一定程度上透露了《论语》文本生成的若干信息。The tradition of“expressing ideal”started from“poems expressing ideals.”“Reading poems to express will”was quite popular in diplomatic occasions in the Spring and Autumn Period(770BC⁃476BC),when poems were often used to express emotions tactfully.Reading poems to express will began to decline in the late Spring and Autumn Period,giving way to a new variety to express ideal.On the one hand,Confucius and his disciples turned“reading poems”to“comment on poems;”on the other hand,they deconstructed“reading poems to express will,”separating“expressing will”from“reading poems.”Although Confucius and his disciples kept the tradition of“reading poems to express will,”but they stopped expressing ideal by way of reading poems,instead by direct statement of words.Confucian literature to express ideal could be categorized into two types,one is oral records,the texts of which are short and brief;the other is compilation,the text of which are more complicated.Generally speaking,the former is mostly a factual record,while the latter is processed out of intentional compilation.These documents not only help us understand the division and turn of the tradition of“reading poems to expressing will,”but also reveal the individual cultivation goals and social ideals of Confucius and his disciples,which is an important basis for understanding Confucianism.In addition,these documents also reveal some information regarding the generation of the texts of The Analects to some extent.

关 键 词：《论语》 赋诗言志 孔门言志 言志文献 

分 类 号：I222.2[文学—中国文学]