北极地区核动力船舶航行的法律问题研究  

A Study of the Navigational Legal Issues of Nuclear-powered Ships in the Arctic Region

作　　者：董跃[1] 申雨琪 Dong Yue;Shen Yuqi(School of Law,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新时代海洋强国建设”重大研究专项课题(20VHQ001)。

摘　　要：依据《联合国海洋法公约》,外国核动力船舶应享有非歧视性的航行权,但因核事故巨大的生态破坏性,许多沿海国对于外国核动力船舶的通过持保守态度,核动力船舶航行权的实现存在着现实困境。随着核动力船舶航行实践不断发展,核动力船舶航行权边界的不确定性问题逐渐凸显,鉴于对航行权的体系化思考,通过分析沿海国管辖权、相关国际协定与标准,有助于弥补《联合国海洋法公约》的缺陷。相比于其他传统国际航道,北极航道有着特殊的航行秩序,《联合国海洋法公约》第234条赋予了沿海国额外管辖权以监管冰封区域的航行活动,这加剧了北极沿海国对外国核动力船舶的限制。而特别敏感海域、海洋保护区、无核区等制度的发展使得北极核动力船舶的航行面临着尤为复杂的制度形势,关于外国核动力船舶在北极过境的诸多法律问题尚待厘清。According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),foreign nuclear-powered ships should enjoy non-discriminatory navigation rights.However,due to the huge environmental damage caused by nuclear accidents,many coastal states have reservations about the passage of foreign nuclear-powered ships,and so there is a practical dilemma for the realization of their navigation rights.With the continuous development of nuclear-powered ship navigation practice,the uncertainty of the boundary of the navigation rights of nuclear-powered ships becomes prominent.The systematic consideration of the navigation right,and the analysis of the jurisdiction of coastal states and other international agreements can help to remedy a flaw in UNCLOS.Compared with other traditional international shipping routes,the Arctic shipping routes have a special navigational order,and Article 234 of UNCLOS gives coastal states additional jurisdiction to regulate navigation activities in ice-covered areas,which intensifies the restrictions on foreign nuclear-powered ships by coastal states in Arctic waters.The system development in particularly sensitive sea areas,marine protected areas,and nuclear-free zones has made navigation rights of nuclear-powered ships in Arctic waters face a complex institutional situation,and many legal issues concerning the navigation rights of nuclear-powered ships in Arctic waters have yet to be clarified.

关 键 词：核动力船舶 北极航道 航行权 冰封区域 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]