基于物质流分析的高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石过程重金属迁移规律及环境风险研究  

Migration and environmental risk of heavy metals during mullite preparation by high alumina fly ash based on material flow analysis

作　　者：迟玉玺 石垚 曹春[1] 杨晨年 张建波[2] 李会泉[2,3] CHI Yuxi;SHI Yao;CAO Chun;YANG Chennian;ZHANG Jianbo;LI Huiquan(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070;CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第4期427-438,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(No.U1810205)。

摘　　要：产生并堆积于中国内蒙古西部的高铝粉煤灰,不仅占用大量土地资源,还造成了严重的生态环境问题,但因其含有丰富的铝硅资源,可通过制备铝硅系材料对其进行资源化利用.然而,类似这种固废资源化产品,其生产和使用全生命周期过程的环境影响却少有系统研究,尤其是重金属迁移转化所带来的区域环境风险.因此,本研究基于物质代谢和全生命周期分析方法,并结合Nemero污染指数和Hakanson风险模型,对高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石产品因重金属元素迁移可能带来的环境风险进行了系统研究.结果表明:物理球磨活化过程明显增加了高铝粉煤灰中各重金属的释放,80%以上的铁族元素(Cr、Mn)迁移到酸活化过程产生的聚铝残渣中,最终进入莫来石产品中的Cr、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cu分别为20%、9%、24%、22%、24%;另外,聚铝残渣的潜在生态环境风险较大,超过极强水平标准6.6倍,其中尤以Cr的风险最突出;硅酸钙产品重金属浸出毒性表现为Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cr,莫来石产品重金属浸出毒性表现为Mn>Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr,但均远低于地下水质量标准限值.总体而言,尽管在制备莫来石产品的同时实现了75%以上粉煤灰的减量化,但因此产生的聚铝残渣等二次固废处置问题仍然需要重点关注.同时,本研究进一步可为固废综合利用,尤其是含重金属类的固废资源化过程的环境风险控制提供科学依据,也可为固废资源化产品的生态设计提供思路.High alumina fly ash which mainly produced from the west of Inner Mongolia in China had occupied a lot of land resources,but also caused some serious damage to the ecological environment.However,because of the high grade aluminum and silicon,it can be recycled by making Al-Si system refractory materials.However,there are few systematic studies on the environmental impact of such secondary resource-based products from the view of whole life cycle,especially the regional environmental risk research caused by the migration and transformation of heavy metals.The paper systematically studied the possible environmental risks from the migration of different heavy metals in mullite produced by high alumina fly ash based on the material metabolism and life cycle analysis methods,combined with Nemero pollution index and Hakanson risk model.The results showed that:the release of all various heavy metals in high alumina fly ash presented on significantly increases trends after physical ball milling activation process,more than 80%of the iron group elements represented by Cr and Mn migrate to the poly aluminium residue which produced by the acid activation process,while the metal ore-forming elements represented by Zn,Pb and Cu migrate in the acid activation and alkali desilication processes,and Cr,Mn,Zn,Pb and Cu which finally enter to the mullite products are 20%,9%,24%,22%and 24%,respectively.In addition,there were also exited great potential ecological environment risks of poly aluminum residue,which exceeds the extremely strong level standard by 6.6 times,and the risk factor of Cr is the most prominent;the heavy metal leaching toxicity of calcium silicate products is Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cr,and the heavy metal leaching toxicity of mullite products is Mn>Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr,but they were all far below the groundwater quality standard limit.In general,although more than 75%of fly ash has been reduced while mullite products are prepared,the secondary solid waste disposal problems such as polyaluminum residues generated therefrom still need

关 键 词：高铝粉煤灰 资源化利用 重金属 物质流 生态环境风险 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X131