缓解城市热环境的多层级“源-汇”景观网络构建  

Construction of multi-level"source-sink"landscape network to alleviate urban thermal environment

作　　者：李程蓉 陈天[1] LI Chengrong;CHEN Tian(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Furniture and Art Design,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]中南林业科技大学家具与艺术设计学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第8期3068-3078,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078329);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(52061160366)。

摘　　要：以天津市六区和新四区为研究对象,首先运用形态学空间格局分析获得7种景观类型,从中提取稳定性较好、面积较大、连通性较高、热贡献度显著的核心区斑块为中心“源”“汇”;其次使用6个空间数据指标构建热环境格局评价模型,根据2009—2013、2013—2018年热环境格局的变化情况提出4类修正系数对基本阻力面进行修正;最后利用“源-源”、“汇-汇”、“源-汇”廊道构建能体现“补偿-输送-作用”过程的多层级“源-汇”景观网络。结果表明:(1)提取的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类中心“源”共27个,总面积为22773 hm^(2);中心“汇”共23个,总面积为50732 hm^(2)。中心“源”的整体抗干扰能力较小,容易受到种植类型和水体富营养化的影响。(2)多层级“源-汇”景观网络总长度约为1445 km,新四区的廊道占总廊道的70%。廊道在空间上分布不均,津南区分布稀疏,北辰区和市六区分布密集。(3)能量从中心“源”逐渐向中心“汇”流动的过程,可揭示网络之间的层级关系和各级廊道对热环境气候的调控作用。以生态格局与过程的角度构建缓解城市热环境的多层级“源-汇”景观网络体系,对合理规划廊道建设、高效缓解城市热环境效应具有积极意义。Taking the six districts and new four districts of Tianjin as the research objects,this paper firstly obtains seven landscape types by using morphologically spatial pattern analysis,and extracts the core area patches with good stability,large area,high connectivity and significant contribution as the central"source-sink".Secondly,six spatial data indicators are used to build the evaluation model of thermal environment pattern,and four types of correction coefficients are proposed to correct the basic resistance surface according to the changes of thermal environment pattern from 2009 to 2013 and 2013 to 2018.Finally,the corridors of"source-source","sink-sink"and"source-sink"are used to build a multi-level"source sink"landscape network that can reflect the process of compensation transportation action.The results show that:(1)there are 27 central"sources"of classⅠandⅡ,with a total area of 22773 hm^(2);There are 23 central"sinks",with a total area of 50732 hm^(2).The overall anti-interference ability of the central"sources"is small,and it is vulnerable to the influence of planting types and water eutrophication.(2)The total length of the multi-layer"source-sink"landscape network is about 1445 km,and the corridor in new four districts accounts for 70%of the total corridor.The corridors are unevenly distributed in space,with sparse distribution in Jinnan District and dense distribution in Beichen District and the six districts.(3)The gradual flow of energy from the central"source"to the central"sink"can reveal the hierarchical relationship between networks and the regulatory role of corridors at all levels on thermal environment and climate.Constructing a multi-level"source-sink"landscape network system to alleviate the urban thermal environment from the perspective of ecological pattern and process is of positive significance to reasonably plan the corridor construction and efficiently alleviate the effects of urban thermal environment.

关 键 词：热环境 格局与过程 多层级 “源-汇”景观 网络廊道 空间主成分分析 最小累计阻力模型 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]