不同植物根际土壤有益细菌种类及其功能鉴定  

Identification of beneficial bacterial species and their main functions in rhizosphere soil of different plants

作　　者：秦艳秋 史晓艺 谷子谦 李晨雨 艾孜买提·阿不力孜 任争光[1] 赵晓燕[1] 高坦坦 QIN Yanqiu;SHI Xiaoyi;GU Ziqian;LI Chenyu;ABLIZ Azmat;REN Zhengguang;ZHAO Xiaoyan;GAO Tantan(College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院生物与资源环境学院/农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2023年第2期31-37,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(KM201910020011);青年人才托举工程计划项目(QNTJ-2023001)。

摘　　要：【目的】从不同植物根际土壤中的细菌种类差异入手,筛选具有防治植物病害和促进植物生长的菌株,构建植物有益细菌菌库,为植物病害的生物防治提供基础。【方法】采用土壤稀释平板法从园林植物、果树、蔬菜、中草药等植物根际土壤中分离细菌,利用16S rDNA序列分析法鉴定菌株,并通过平板对峙培养法和透明圈法进行抑菌活性和生防相关物质的检测。【结果】从中国不同省市地区采集的44份植物根际土壤中分离得到531个细菌菌株,其中蔬菜根际来源的菌株最多,占61.21%,果树根际来源的菌株占20.15%、园林植物根际来源的菌株占17.33%、中药材根际来源的菌株占1.32%。分离出的细菌中芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌属,占41.62%;其次为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces),分别占14.50%和6.21%;泛菌属(Pantoea)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)较少,分别占2.64%和2.45%;其他属占33.15%。对其中的292个细菌菌株进行抑菌活性和生防相关物质的测定,结果表明具有抑制真菌活性的菌株占17.50%,抑制细菌活性的菌株占18.84%;79.79%的菌株具有解钾能力,20.20%的菌株具有溶磷能力,22.26%的菌株具有产嗜铁素活性;60.62%的菌株具有产蛋白酶活性,36.30%的菌株具有产淀粉酶活性,4.79%的菌株具有产几丁质酶能力。【结论】不同植物根际土壤中含有种类繁多的植物有益细菌,且具有较好的抑菌和促生功能。本研究建立的有益细菌菌库可为植物病害生物防治提供较好的菌株来源。[Objective]In this study,we started from the differences of bacterial species in rhizosphere soils of different plants,and strains with controlling plant disease and promoting plant growth effects were screened to construct a plant beneficial bacterial library.This bacterial library will provide a basis for biocontrol of plant diseases.[Methods]Bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of garden plants,fruit trees,vegetables,herbs and other plants by soil serial dilution isolation method.Microbial strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis,and inhibition activity and biocontrol related substance production were determined by the dural culture method and the clear zone method.[Results]A total of 531 bacterial strains were isolated from 44 rhizosphere soils collected from different provinces and cities in China,and among which the most strains were isolated from vegetable rhizosphere,accounting for 61.21%.20.15%of the strains were isolated from fruit tree rhizosphere,17.33%of the strains were isolated from garden plant rhizosphere,and 1.32%of the strains were isolated from Chinese herbal medicine rhizosphere.Among these bacteria,Bacillus was the dominant genus,accounting for 41.62%.Pseudomonas and Streptomyces were also abundant,accounting for 14.50%and 6.21%,respectively.Pantoea and Arthrobacter were less,accounting for 2.64%and 2.45%,respectively.Other bacteria accounted for 33.15%.Antibacterial and antifungal activity and biocontrol related substance production ability of the selected 292 strains were determined.It was found that 17.5%of the strains had anti-fungal activity,18.84%of the strains had anti-bacterial activity,79.79%of the strains had potassium solubilization ability,20.2%of the strains had phosphorus solubilization ability and 22.26%of the strains had siderophore-producing activity,60.62%of the strains had protease-producing activity,36.3%of the strains had amylase-producing activity and 4.79%of the strains had chitinase-producing ability.[Conclusion]The rhizosphere soils of different

关 键 词：植物 根际土壤 细菌 16S rDNA 抑菌活性 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]