数据要素与企业创新:基于研发竞争的视角  

Data Factor and Enterprise Innovation:The Perspective of R&D Competition

作　　者：徐翔[1] 赵墨非 李涛[3] 李帅臻 XU Xiang;ZHAO Mofei;LI Tao;LI Shuaizhen(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics;China Center for Internet Economy Research,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院、中国互联网经济研究院,100081 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,100191 [3]中央财经大学经济学院,100081

出　　处：《经济研究》2023年第2期39-56,共18页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD070);北京高等学校卓越青年科学家计划(BJJWZYJH01201910034034);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103016)资助。

摘　　要：进入数字经济时代,数据成为关键生产要素。本文区分两类研发创新活动:突破性创新与迭代式创新,通过构建研发创新竞争模型探讨数据要素如何影响企业创新活动选择与市场份额。理论研究发现,相比于传统经济环境,数字经济中的大企业更倾向于依赖生产过程中伴生的数据要素进行迭代式创新,突破性创新动力不足;中小企业的突破性创新亦遇困局,社会整体创新水平下降,数据要素“陷阱”逐渐形成。在引入企业退出等机制后,数据要素陷阱问题更加严重;在引入网络效应、多元竞争、二手产品市场等机制之后,数据要素陷阱问题得到一定化解。本文指出,通过有针对性地增强数据隐私保护,建立健全数据交易市场,搭建“数据—创新”联合协作平台,完善优化二手产品市场,促使企业将研发重心转回突破性创新,显著提升社会整体创新水平,助推数字经济高质量发展。Breakthroughs in digital technologies and the rapid growth of the digital economy have made data the most valuable resource of modern society.Expanding global data volume,continuous deep-mining of data value,and growing data trade market have made it more convenient for firms to obtain and use data factors for production.Data factors can help firms get vast knowledge of the market,industry,and macroeconomy they are in,increase decision-making efficiencies and forecasting precisions,and eventually improve productivity and profits.However,two issues arise with the development of data factors and the digital economy.First,the relationship between data factors and enterprise innovation is still unclear,and the increase in data factor usage has not converted into higher innovation capacities.Second,radical innovations have been declining in digital economy sectors,while iterative innovations have been dominating in these sectors.These issues have accelerated monopolization in the digital economy and restrained“creative destruction”in Schumpeter's words.Existing literature on this topic has focused on either data-driven decision-making or the coordination of data and other production factors.Theoretical analysis from the market competition perspective has been rare,and there is no systematic framework for studying how data factor affects a firm's production,management,and innovation processes.In this paper,we build a microeconomic RD competition model to analyze how data factor affects firms'innovation activities and market competition results,as an effort to fill current research gaps.In our model,the main difference between radical innovation and iterative innovation lies in the impact of innovation on firms'technology capacities and market shares.Radical innovations will help firms build sustained technology and market advantages,while iterative innovations are easily imitated and can only affect firms'market share through an instant dynamic process.In a traditional economy,a firm's success rate of iterative inn

关 键 词：数据要素 突破性创新 迭代式创新 市场份额 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F49[经济管理—国民经济] F832.51