儒家仁道的演化系谱  

Evolutionary Pedigree for Confucian Way of Benevolence

作　　者：黄光国[1] Huang Guangguo

机构地区：[1]台湾大学文化中国研究中心、心理学系,中国台北10617

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第1期38-52,169,共16页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：传承儒家的科学进路,应以现代科学哲学作为基础,建构普世性的“自我”与“关系”的理论模型;然后以之作为参考架构,分析作为先秦儒家经典的《四书》。依照这种分析文化系统的知识论策略,儒家所主张的“仁道”,包含孔子最早提倡的“仁、义、礼”伦理体系;孟子依此提出“四端之心”,作为“仁、义、礼、智”的心理基础;汉代的董仲舒将之扩展成“五常”,使其成为支撑华人社会运作的“先验形式架构”。儒学第二期最重要的发展是宋儒朱熹的成果,他以《周易》的宇宙观作为背景视域,说明儒家的“仁道”是跟“天道”相通的。但他继承儒家的“宇宙论进路”并不容易为世人所理解;依照科学进路,则可以清楚看出:儒家的“五常”是支撑华人社会的“潜意识”结构;孔子主张的“忠恕”之道,是主导华人社会互动的“意识”结构;《大学》主张的“絜矩之道”,则可以开出华人社会生活的“自由”。This article is a chapter taken from the author's book A Scientific Interpretation of NeoConfucianism in the Song-Ming Dynasties,to be published in 2023.It argues that a scientific approach for inheriting Confucian cultural heritage must first construct universal models of"self"(ziwo自我)and"social interaction"(guanxi关系),and then use those models as frameworks to analyze the content of pre-Qin Confucian classics and the Four Books(Sishu四书)in particular.Following such an epistemological strategy for analyzing the Confucian cultural system,the Confucian"Way of Benevolence"(rendao仁道)is shown to consist of the ethical system of"Benevolence-RighteousnessPropriety first advocated by Confucius(551-479 BCE).Mencius(372-289 BCE)traced their psychological foundations,as well as that of"wisdom"which were labelled as the"four origins of the mind"(si duan zhi xiu四端之心).In the Han dynasty,Dong Zhongshu(179-104 BCE)extended these to the"five virtues"(wu chang五常)that became the formal transcendental structure for sustaining the operation of Chinese society.The most significant progress of Confucianism in its second stage of development happened in the Song dynasty,when Zhu Xi(1130-1200)attempted to elaborate on how the Confucian"Way of Benevolence'corresponds to the"Way of Heaven"(tiandao天道),with"Yijing cosmology"(Yijing yuzhouguan易经宇宙观).It is very difficult for most people to understand Zhu Xi's"cosmological approach"(yuzhoulun jinlu宇宙论进路)as inheriting Confucian heritage.Nevertheless,it is relatively easy for my scientific approach to demonstrate that the Confucian"five virtues"are an"unconscious"(qianyishi潜意识)structure sustaining Chinese society.The Confucian Way of"loyalty and consideration"(zhongru忠恕)is a"conscious"(yishi意识)structure for regulating Chinese social interaction.The Confucian"Way of correction by the measuring square"(xieju zhi dao絜矩之道)as advocated in the Great Learning(Daxue大学)may be used to understand the concept of liberty in Chinese s

关 键 词：仁道 先验性形式架构 意识结构 四端之心 五常 絜矩之道 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]