淮河流域农村男性戒烟影响因素及健康效益分析  

Influencing factors and health benefits of smoking cessation among male smokers in rural areas of Huaihe river basin

作　　者：徐晓程 吕占禄[1,3] 邹天森[1] 张晗[1,3] 郭凌川 罗斌[2] 张金良[1] XU Xiaocheng;LYU Zhanlu;ZOU Tiansen;ZHANG Han;GUO Lingchuan;LUO Bin;ZHANG Jinliang(State Key Lab of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生研究所,甘肃省兰州730000 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境健康风险评估与研究中心

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2023年第3期199-203,共5页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室专项经费(22060204005)。

摘　　要：目的了解农村男性戒烟的影响因素及其健康效益,为进行有效的戒烟干预提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2015—2018年淮河流域7个县(区)农村居民暴露参数与环境风险因子调查,该调查采用两阶段目的抽样法选取淮河流域7个县(区)18~75岁居民为研究对象。本研究选择该数据库中1059名20~70岁现在每日吸烟和过去每日吸烟但目前已戒烟的男性居民为研究对象,问卷调查基本信息、生活习惯、吸烟情况及呼吸系统症状与慢性疾病的患病情况。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行χ^(2)检验、分类树模型分析和多因素logistic回归分析。结果淮河流域男性每日吸烟者的戒烟率为26.3%,戒烟者中因病戒烟者占45.7%,非因病戒烟者占54.3%,咳嗽或咳痰、慢性咳嗽或慢性咳痰、喘息或气短、支气管哮喘或慢性支气管炎、慢性胃炎或胃肠溃疡、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病的报告率分别为32.4%、13.6%、27.8%、7.8%、7.7%、3.6%、23.2%。分类树模型筛选出心脑血管疾病、年龄、饮酒、吸烟指数、家庭年收入5个戒烟的影响因素,其中是否患心脑血管疾病是影响研究人群戒烟的首要因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与现在每日吸烟相比,戒烟与咳嗽或咳痰低风险相关(OR=0.67),但与喘息或气短(OR=1.51)、支气管哮喘或慢性支气管炎(OR=1.66)、心脑血管疾病(OR=2.19)高风险相关;与非因病戒烟相比,因病戒烟与咳嗽或咳痰(OR=1.86)、慢性咳嗽或慢性咳痰(OR=2.88)、喘息或气短(OR=1.81)、支气管哮喘或慢性支气管炎(OR=2.31)、慢性胃炎或胃肠溃疡(OR=3.47)高风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论戒烟可降低男性吸烟者部分呼吸系统症状的患病风险,非因病戒烟者的健康效益更显;鉴于男性戒烟受多种因素的影响,建议采取综合措施鼓励并帮助吸烟者及早戒烟。Objective To understand the influencing factors and health benefits of smoking cessation,and provide the scientific evidences for effective smoking cessation intervention in rural areas.Methods The data were from the survey on exposure parameters and environmental risk factors of rural residents in 7 counties(districts)in Huaihe river basin from 2015 to 2018.The two-stage purposive sampling method was used to select the 1059 male residents(20-75 years old)who were daily smokers or exsmokers from 7 counties(districts)in Huaihe river basin as the subjects.The investigation was performed with questionnaire(including basic information,living habits,smoking,respiratory system symptoms and chronic diseases).The χ^(2)test,classification tree model and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 23.0.Results The smoking cessation rate among male daily smokers in Huaihe river basin was 26.3%,45.7% of quit-smokers were for the illness,and54.3% of quit-smokers were for other reasons.The rates of calf or expectoration,chronic calf or expectoration,wheezing or shortness of breath,bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis,chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal ulcer,diabetes and cardiovascular disease were 32.4%,13.6%,27.8%,7.8%,7.7%,3.6% and 23.2%,respectively.Cardiovascular disease,age,drinking,smoking index and annual family income were screened as the influencing factors by the classification tree model.Cardiovascular disease was the first factor to influence the quit-smoking.The multivariate logistic regression showed that as compared with current daily smoking,the ex-smoking was related to low risk for quit-smoking calf or expectoration(OR=0.67),but the ex-smoking was related to high risk of wheezing or shortness of breath(OR=1.51),bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis(OR=1.66)and cardiovascular disease(OR=2.19);as compared with quit-smoking for other reasons,the quit-smoking for the illness was related to higher risk for calf or expectoration(OR=1.86),chronic calf or expector

关 键 词：淮河流域 戒烟 农村男性 呼吸系统症状 分类树 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]