赛博格时代下的延展知觉论证  

Extended Perception Argument in the Cyborg Era

作　　者：薛立伟 XUE Liwei(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100190

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期20-28,共9页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：亚当·图恩从延展心灵理论出发,提出了延展知觉论证,主张人类已是“原生的赛博格”,并在特定的观察情境下,与外部环境构成一个认知耦合系统,观察仪器已非传统意义上的工具,而是观察者知觉的延展。从科学实在论的立场来看,该论证为观察仪器提供了一个新的辩护,即在赛博格时代,随着认知增强技术的广泛使用,人体的生物性正逐渐减弱,机械性和计算性则不断增强,身体逐渐转变为一种信息处理载体。进而,包括“认知”在内的诸多概念的涵义和指称势必有所改变,建构经验论的主张自然会被削弱。相较于麦克斯韦尔的“变种人”和丘奇兰德的“类人生物”的思想实验,延展知觉论证的辩护效力更强。然而,由于亚当·图恩过分侧重于“知觉可以延展到外部环境”这一观念,未对知觉的延展机制进行详细的阐释,也未对观察者在不同场景下与观察仪器所构成的认知耦合系统进行差异化考察,导致了延展边界模糊的问题。因而,只有对不同情境下观察者与观察仪器所构成的认知耦合系统进行考察,厘清其内在机制和适用情境,才能确定该论证的适用范围。延展知觉论证虽然仅能为直接成像的观察仪器提供实在论辩护,但仍有助于人们审视赛博格时代的观察者与观察仪器之间的关系。Adam Toon’s extended perception argument,based on the extended mind theory,posits that humans are natural-born cyborgs and form a cognitive coupled system with the external environment in specific observation scenarios.In this view,observing instruments are considered extensions of the observer’s perception rather than mere tools.From a scientific realism perspective,this argument presents a novel defense for observing instruments.As cognitive enhancement technologies become more widely used,human biological nature is gradually diminishing while mechanical and computational aspects are increasingly being augmented.Consequently,the meanings and references of various concepts,including“cognition”,must evolve,and the claims of constructive empiricism are prone to being weakened.However,Toon’s argument requires further clarification regarding the mechanisms of perceptual extension and differentiated examination of the cognitive coupled system in different scenarios to clarify its applicability.Overall,the extended perception argument provides a defense for directly imaged observing instruments in the cyborg era,helping us examine the relationship between the observers and observing instruments.

关 键 词：延展知觉论证 赛博格 耦合系统 科学实在论 建构经验论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]