国外学界关于西方疫苗民族主义的批判性研究评析  

A Review of Critical Research on Western Vaccine Nationalism in Foreign Academic Circles

作　　者：刘曙辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院,北京100732

出　　处：《世界民族》2023年第2期36-47,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金重点项目“百年未有之大变局下马克思主义正义理论研究”(22AKS006)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：新冠疫苗是抗击新冠疫情全球大流行最有效的武器,而美国等一些西方发达国家却奉行“以我为先”的疫苗民族主义,严重阻碍全球抗疫成功的进程。国外学界对西方疫苗民族主义进行了批判性研究。他们从解释疫苗民族主义的定义入手,分析了西方疫苗民族主义的影响、成因与本质。在此基础上,他们从公共卫生和道德方面提出了反对西方疫苗民族主义的论据,并提出了扩大全球疫苗供应、畅通全球疫苗供应链、确保全球疫苗分配的公平性等应对策略。国外学界对西方疫苗民族主义的批判性研究是较为深入的,提出的应对策略也大多是可行的,为抵制西方疫苗民族主义、携手共建人类卫生健康共同体提供了有益借鉴。其批判性研究主要有两点不足:一是关于疫苗作为全球公共产品的条件性这一立场削弱了其批判的力度;二是没有明确西方疫苗民族主义的意识形态本质,因而没有从马克思主义全球政治经济学原理分析其根源,从而削弱了其应对策略的有效性。COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective weapon to combat the global spread of the pandemic,but the"me-first"vaccine nationalism of the United States and some other Western developed countries have seriously hindered the successful global fight against COVID-19.Foreign academic circles have made critical studies of Western vaccine nationalism.Starting from the definition of vaccine nationalism,they analyzed the influences,causes and essence of Western vaccine nationalism.On this basis,they put forward arguments against Western vaccine nationalism from the aspects of public health and morality,and propose countermeasures such as expanding global vaccine supply,unblocking global vaccine supply chain and ensuring the fairness of global vaccine distribution.The critical studies of Western vaccine nationalism in foreign academic circles are relatively in-depth,and the countermeasures proposed are mostly feasible,which provide a useful reference for resisting Western vaccine nationalism and jointly building a human health community.Nonetheless,there are two shortcomings found in their critical studies:first,their position on the conditionality of vaccine as a global public good weakens their critique;second,they do not clarify the ideological nature of Western vaccine nationalism,therefore fail to analyze the root cause with the basic principles of Marxist global political economy,hence undermining the effectiveness of the countermeasures proposed.

关 键 词：新冠疫情 疫苗民族主义 全球公共产品 人类卫生健康共同体 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] D091.5[政治法律—政治学]