明清时期贵州黎平府属土司兴废问题再探  

Re-examination of the Rise and Fall of the Chieftains under the Liping Prefecture in Guizhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：吴才茂[1] WU Cai-mao(School of Humanities,Kaili University,Kaili,Guizhou 556011,China)

机构地区：[1]凯里学院人文学院,贵州凯里556011

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2023年第2期170-177,共8页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清清水江官文书整理与研究”(项目编号:19BZS010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往对长官司之研究,多处于一种静止的数量罗列状态,特别是贵州东南部黎平府属长官司,明清时期变动频繁,对其考辨可明了明清王朝在边地之统治策略,亦可探知地方政府与土司制度在不同历史时期的灵活性。明初变动最频,旋置旋废,其后有改土归流者,有脱离仍争取不废者,有析分另置者。明末清初,各长官司在变幻莫测的政治变局中,先尊奉永历政权,后归附清王朝,其灵活性得到了充分展现。一归清朝之后,随着更大规模的改土归流行动,土司权力受到越来越多的限制,然而黎平府属土司,多数一直持续到清末民初,可知土司体制在黎平之地的重要性。其最后归属,亦非光绪《黎平府志》所载世袭停止就消失,而是随着晚清社会变乱和民国时期全面废除土司制度才逐渐彻底退出历史舞台的。In the past,the research on the chief lawsuits was mostly in a static state of listing,especially the chief lawsuits under the Liping Prefecture in southeastern Guizhou,which changed frequently during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.strategy can also detect the flexibility of the local government and the chieftain system in different historical periods.In the Ming Dynasty,the changes were the most complicated at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.They were rotated and abandoned.Later,there were those who changed their soil and returned to the current state.There were those who left and stil strived not to be abandoned.In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,in the unpredictable political changes,the chief lawsuits first respected the Yongli regime,and then belonged to the Qing Dynasty,and their flexibility was fully demonstrated.After the first return to the Qing Dynasty,with the larger-scale action of reforming the land and returning to the current state,the power of the chieftain was more and more restricted.However,the Liping prefecture belonged to the chieftain,and most of them lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.It can be seen that the chieftain system is important in the land of Liping.sex.Its final attribution did not disappear after the hereditary ceased in Guangxu's"Liping Fu Zhi",but with the social turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty and the complete abolition of the chieftain system during the Republic of China,it gradually and completely disappeared from the historical stage.

关 键 词：明清时期 土司制度 黎平府 长官司 清水江文书 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]