福柯对医学“祛主体性”的形上之思  

Foucault's Metaphysical Thoughts on"Removing Subjectivity"in Medicine

作　　者：沈朝华 李魏巍 雷云 SHEN Chao-hua;LI Wei-wei;LEI Yun(School of Marxism,Sichuan Conservatory of Music,Chengdu 610021,China)

机构地区：[1]四川音乐学院马克思主义学院,四川成都610021 [2]大理大学图书馆,云南大理671003 [3]大理大学马克思主义学院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2023年第6期27-30,39,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BMZ050)。

摘　　要：福柯运用考古学的研究方法,绘制了医学“祛主体性”谱系,从古典医学的构型中人是不存在的,再到现代临床医学知识型将主体客体化,证实人的有限性,深度剖析主体是由各种关系所建构,揭示了近代西方哲学中将人作为知识源头的先验主体,价值承载的自由主体是不存在的。当想象福柯是否会像拉康那样将主体性理论釜底抽薪的时候,他却吊诡地杀了个回马枪,重新回到古希腊罗马伦理学,开启了拯救主体的行动,完成了从主体解构再到主体重构的华丽转身。同时也为“祛主体性”的医学如何为人类提供“终极关怀”开辟了新的思考路径。Foucault's archaeological research on medical cognition drew the pedigree of"removing subjectivity"in medicine,from the nonexistent emptiness of the subject in classical medicine to the objectification of the subject in modern clinical medicine,confirmed the finiteness of human and deeply analyzed the construction of the subject by various relations.Modern western philosophy regarded human as the transcendental subject of the source of knowledge.There was no value-bearing free subject.When we imagine whether Foucault would handle the subjectivity theory fundamentally like Lacan,Foucault made a paradoxical reversal,returning to the ancient Greek and Roman ethics,and started the action of saving the subject and completed the magnificent turn from the deconstruction of the subject to the reconstruction of the subject.At the same time,the study provided a new thinking on how to provide"ultimate care"for human beings by"removing subjectivity"in medicine.

关 键 词：福柯 主体 医学 医生 

分 类 号：R-02[医药卫生]