语境的创新机制--以瑞恰慈和卡勒为中心的考察  

The Innovation Mechanism of Context:An Investigation Centering on I.A.Richards and Jonathan Culler

作　　者：冯毓云[1] 周丽明[1] Feng Yuyun;Zhou Liming(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Harbin Normal University)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2023年第2期172-181,共10页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“文艺学创新路径探索”[项目编号:13BZW009]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪以来,语境理论彰显出巨大的创新机制,主要表现为语境的复义性、再生产性和问题效应。20世纪30年代,瑞恰慈率先突破了传统修辞学的简单“定名法”,提出了文学语境及其“复义的语境定理”。语境的复义性本体论特质,一方面消解了传统语境的单一性、确定性和凝固化,另一方面突破了二元对立思维,以宏观视域和意义的整体性将文学的内部研究与外部研究、纵向研究与横向研究、表层研究与深层研究有机统一起来,为文学文本的创作、欣赏与批评提供了多维广阔的创新空间与方法。20世纪70年代,卡勒秉承了德里达的历史语境观,对语境再生产性理论作出了精粹阐释,指出语境的结构不是封闭、僵化不变的,而是涉连着多重因素和维度,永远处于踪迹的延异状态之中,并且包容了差异性的、不断开放的历史语境,具有再生成新语境的再语境化功能。卡勒凸显了语境的问题效应,走出了一条不断再语境化的学术研究的创新之路。Since the twentieth century,the issue of context has been demonstrating a considerable innovation mechanism in the polysemy,reproducibility and problem effect of context.In the 1930s,I.A.Richards first broke the simple nomenclature of traditional rhetoric and put forward the context theorem and its complex meanings.On the one hand,its ontological peculiarity of polysemy dispels the singularity,certainty and solidification of traditional context.On the other hand,it breaks the mentality of binary opposition and organically unites the internal and the external,the vertical and the horizontal,and surface and in-depth studies of literature with a macro perspective and a holistic sense of meaning,providing multidimensional and broad creative space and methods for the creation,appreciation and criticism of literary texts.In the 1970s,Jonathan Culler inherited Jacques Derrida's view of historical context and profoundly explained the reproduction theory of context.He points out that the structure of context is not closed and rigid,but connected with multiple factors and dimensions.It is always in the differance state of trace and contains the historical context that is different and constantly open,and is capable of generating new contexts through re-contextualization.Culler highlights the problem effect of context and walks out a path of innovation that features constant re-contextualization.

关 键 词：语境 语境的复义性 语境的再生产性 瑞恰慈 卡勒 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]