扫视导致时间知觉的扭曲及其机制探讨  

Saccade-Induced Temporal Distortion and Its Mechanism

作　　者：翟梦蝶 吴虹晓 王雅洁 冯文锋[1] Zhai Mengdie;Wu Hongxiao;Wang Yajie;Feng Wenfeng(Department of Psychology,Soochow University,Suzhou,215123;School of Psychology,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,510631)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院心理系,苏州215123 [2]华南师范大学心理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第2期274-281,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771200)的资助。

摘　　要：扫视是一种在两个注视点之间快速移动的眼部运动,它有助于将任务相关信息移动至中央凹进一步加工。然而扫视也会导致视觉时间知觉扭曲,从而出现空时距压缩、时序倒置及实时距膨胀。扫视导致的空时距压缩和时序倒置可能源于潜伏期缩短、时间关系错误编码及预测性重新映射;实时距膨胀则可能由于扫视提前了目标位置视觉刺激的开始时间。探究扫视对时间知觉的影响有利于了解大脑加工不同类型时间信息的差异并厘清时间扭曲的发生阶段。Saccadic eye movement is a kind of rapid eye movement moving from one fixation to another,which can bring task-relevant visual stimuli into the fovea.However,saccades distort visual time perception as well,causing time compression,temporal inversion,and temporal dilation.During fixation and well before or after saccades,time perception remains veridical.However,perisaccadic visual(rather than auditory)short intervals will be underestimated.Specifically,when visual intervals are presented close to saccadic onset(e.g.,-50 to 50 ms),the subjective interval between two visual stimuli is strongly compressed to approximately half of its true value.Surprisingly,a phenomenon termed“temporal inversion”is also observed shortly before the saccadic onset,which refers to the subjective reversed order of two visual brief stimuli.Another typical temporal illusion is"temporal dilation",also called"chronostasis".In everyday life,when we make a saccade to the clock,the second hand seems to stop for a while.Accordingly,saccadic chronostasis demonstrates the subjective overestimation of the duration of the first visual stimulus after a saccade.Building on the previous studies,time compression,and temporal inversion may derive from the reduced latency,errors of temporal encoding,and predictive remapping.To begin with,it is well demonstrated that the latency of visual stimulus presented in saccade appears shorter than in fixation.When the first visual stimulus is presented well before or after the onset of the saccade and the second is presented perisaccadically,the temporal order of the two stimuli will reverse.However,the theory of reduced latency cannot fit well with the“time compression”phenomenon.Alternatively,time compression may result from the errors of temporal encoding regardless of whether the saccade exists.Moreover,at the single-cell level,cells in the parietal cortex can respond to stimuli presented within the future receptive field before the saccade.The predictive shift of the receptive field renders the repres

关 键 词：扫视 时距压缩 时序倒置 时距膨胀 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]