南美白对虾快速游动发声特征及其信息利用研究  

ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FAST SWIMMING AND ITS INFORMATION UTILIZATION FOR LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

作　　者：李钊丞 项盛羽 沈梦庭 王秀秀 张日新 曹正良[1] LI Zhao-Cheng;XIANG Sheng-Yu;SHEN Meng-Ting;WANG Xiu-Xiu;ZHANG Ri-Xin;CAO Zheng-Liang(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第6期997-1006,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目南美白对虾声谱智能投饵装备研制(智慧农业)(201902080010F01117)资助。

摘　　要：为了掌握对虾游动发声规律及其信息的利用可能,文章以南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为对象研究了不同游动行为的发声信号特征。首先,在实验室黑暗条件下利用短时光源刺激南美白对虾,采集两种规格(小:4—6 cm;大:10—11 cm)对虾的快速游动发声信号,并分析得出:小规格对虾的主峰值频率约为250 Hz,并有次主峰频率约425 Hz;大规格对虾有约70 Hz主峰频率与约15 Hz的次主峰频率。其次,确定了游动行为中甩尾弹射的发声信号及其特征,其中心频率及频带范围均与快速游动发声信号的特征有明显差别。最后,对比养殖现场环境的水下声音信息发现:快速游动发声与背景噪声频域特征类似,部分信号被覆盖;对虾弹射发声信号可以清晰辨别,虽与实验室相比该信号的能量集中频率、频率主峰及次主峰频率更低且频率范围要更小,但其频谱及时频的信号特点与实验室信号有一定的关联性(持续时间均约为0.01s、能量的频率分布均集中于2—3 kHz)。因此,对虾在游动中的弹射发声信号可作为养殖中监测对虾行为的生物声学信息,有助于以声学信号监测对虾行为异常和判断生长状况的应用开发。White-leg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)as an important aquatic economic species in the world,behavioral acoustics research will help to improve the level of aquaculture.In the present study,two sizes of the white-leg shrimp(4—6 cm TL and 10—11 cm TL)from the nursery of Shanghai Ocean University were investigated.The experiment was conducted in 2 glass tanks(4 cm×28 cm×30 cm)which were shaded.In addition,there were two controllable underwater lights of 10W in each tank.One underwater camera and one hydrophone were fixed in each tank.The hydrophone was 20 cm away from the top and connected to an SM4 recorder.Prior to the experiment,the controlled underwater light and the underwater camera(turned on before placing the water)are placed in the desired location.For each measurement,individual white-leg shrimp was used and acclimated for 40—60min under the dark prior to measuring.Sounds were recorded for 10 minutes after the lights were switched on(a timer controlled the time).Meanwhile,the behaviors of the white-leg shrimp were captured by the underwater camera.The results showed that the main peak frequency of the acoustic signals was about 250 Hz,and the secondary peak appeared near 425 Hz produced by the small white-leg shrimp during fast swimming.The primary peak frequency of acoustic signals was 70 Hz,and the secondary peak was 15 Hz produced by the large shrimp.Further,the center frequency and frequency range of the acoustic signals of the tail flick was significantly different from that of the fasting swimming.We also collected a signal of tail flick from the white leg shrimp in the shrimp pond.The energy range of the signal was 0.5—6 kHz.The energy frequency range was 1—4 kHz,and the maximum concentrated energy frequency was about 2 kHz.Different from the laboratory’s results,the main peak frequency of the signal was about 1.8 kHz,and there was a main secondary peak of about 250 Hz.In comparison to the laboratory data,the pond background noise and the sound produced by the white-leg shrimp during f

关 键 词：快速游动 发声信号 信息利用 南美白对虾 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]