银耳过热蒸汽联合低温干燥特性及动力学模型分析  

Characteristics and Kinetic Model of Superheated Steam Combined with Low-Temperature Drying of Tremella fuciformis

作　　者：李少斌 张东伟 陈登元 刘斌雄 李长城[1,2] 费帆 钟鑫荣 方婷 LI Shao-bin;ZHANG Dong-wei;CHEN Deng-yuan;LIU Bin-xiong;LI Chang-cheng;FEI Fan;ZHONG Xin-rong;FANG Ting(College of Food Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;National Vegetable Processing Technology Sub-center,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Fujian Industrial Product Production License Examination Technology Center,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]国家蔬菜加工技术分中心,福建福州350002 [3]福建省工业产品生产许可证审查技术中心,福建福州350003

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2023年第10期83-90,共8页Food Research and Development

基　　金：福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2021N5011)。

摘　　要：该研究采用过热蒸汽联合低温对银耳进行干燥,考察过热蒸汽温度(110、115、120、125、130℃)、转换时间(9、15、21、27、33 min)和低温温度(40、45、50、55、60℃)对银耳干燥特性的影响,分别采用6种曲线模型对过热蒸汽阶段进行拟合和6种常用干燥数学模型对低温干燥阶段进行拟合,建立银耳过热蒸汽联合低温干燥的动力学模型。结果表明,过热蒸汽温度和低温温度对银耳干燥过程均有影响,但低温温度对干燥过程影响较大,温度越高,干燥时间越短。银耳在联合干燥过程中经历升速、恒速和降速阶段,在过热蒸汽干燥过程,升速阶段非常短,主要经历恒速干燥阶段;在低温干燥过程全程为降速干燥阶段。在过热蒸汽干燥阶段,水分有效扩散系数随着过热蒸汽温度升高而增大,水分有效扩散系数介于4.966×10^(-8)m^(2)/s~8.836×10^(-8)m^(2)/s,干燥活化能为35.625 kJ/mol;在低温干燥过程,水分有效扩散系数随着低温温度升高而增大,水分有效扩散系数介于3.213×10^(-8)m^(2)/s~6.718×10^(-8)m^(2)/s,干燥活化能为34.836 kJ/mol。通过模型拟合发现,三次多项式模型可较好地描述银耳过热蒸汽干燥过程;Logeriyhmic模型可以较好地预测银耳在低温阶段的干燥过程。In this study,superheated steam combined with low temperature was used to dry Tremella fuciformis and investigated the effects of different superheated steam temperatures(110,115,120,125,130℃),conversion times(9,15,21,27,33 min),and low temperatures(40,45,50,55,60℃).The results showed that both super-heated steam temperature and low-temperature drying influenced the drying process of Tremella fuciformis,but low-temperature drying had a greater influence.The higher the temperature was,the shorter was the drying time.The combined drying process of Tremella fuciformis consisted of stages of increasing,constant,and decreasing speeds.In the superheated steam drying stage,the increasing speed stage was very short,and it mainly wentthrough the constant speed drying stage.The entire low-temperature drying stage consisted of deceleration.At the superheated steam drying stage,the effective diffusion coefficient of water increased with the increase of superheated steam temperature.The effective diffusion coefficient of water was 4.966×10^(-8)m^(2)/s-8.836×10^(-8)m^(2)/s,and the drying activation energy was 35.625 kJ/mol.In the low-temperature drying stage,the effective diffusion coefficient of water increased with the increase of temperature and the effective diffusion coefficient of water was between 3.213×10^(-8)m^(2)/s and 6.718×10^(-8)m^(2)/s,and the drying activation energy was 34.836 kJ/mol.Through model fitting,the cubic polynomial model can describe the superheated steam drying process of Tremella fuciformis.Furthermore,a Logarithmic model can predict the drying process of Tremella fuciformis at low temperature.

关 键 词：银耳 联合干燥 干燥温度 动力学模型 水分有效扩散系数 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]