基于旋翼无人机探测的一次强浓雾边界层结构分析  

Analysis of the boundary layer structure of a heavy fog based on rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle observation

作　　者：周文君 王宏斌[1,3] 高雅 吴泓 裔传祥 吴芳芳 ZHOU Wenjun;WANG Hongbin;GAO Ya;WU Hong;YI Chuanxiang;WU Fangfang(Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorological of CMA,Nanjing 210041,China;Yancheng Meteorological Bureau,Jiangsu Yancheng 224000,China;Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Science,Nanjing 210041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,南京210041 [2]盐城市气象局,江苏盐城224000 [3]南京气象科技创新研究院,南京210041

出　　处：《气象科学》2023年第2期215-224,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J022);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2021LASW-A07);江苏省气象局科研项目(KM202110,KM202307)。

摘　　要：利用常规气象观测资料、射阳站探空资料、旋翼无人机探测资料等,分析2019年10月19日夜间到20日江苏东部沿海地区一次强浓雾过程的边界层特征。根据无人机垂直观测资料及湍流参数Ri结果发现:大雾形成之前到大雾成熟阶段,近地面始终存在强贴地逆温,最大逆温强度达4.6℃/(100 m)。在大雾形成到发展阶段,逆温逐渐增强,弱湍流区的发展高度也逐渐抬升,最大发展高度达280 m,雾层厚度逐渐增大。大雾成熟阶段,逆温层高度达到最大250 m,而此时受太阳辐射影响,逆温层上层湍流开始逐渐增强,弱湍流区发展高度降至150 m。大雾消散阶段,逆温减弱,雾层厚度迅速降低,湍流增强,逆温层逐渐趋于消散。在大雾形成之前到大雾成熟阶段,逆温层之上均存在较大的东南风,海上暖湿气流的输送不仅使逆温得以加强和维持,而且在冷的下垫面上促进了水汽凝结,从而形成了东部沿海地区的强浓雾。无人机垂直观测完整的获取了此次大雾过程的边界层结构变化特征,Ri的结果很好地反映了大雾发生期间稳定层高度的变化情况。Based on regular meteorological data from ground observations,regular sounding data in Sheyang,and the vertical data observed by rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),the boundary layer characteristics of a heavy fog occurred in Eastern Jiangsu from October 19 to 20 in 2019 was systematically analyzed.According to the vertical data from the rotorcraft UAV and the turbulence parameter Ri,it is found that a strong temperature inversion occurred near the ground during the periods of formation stage and maturity stage of the fog,moreover,the maximum inversion intensity reached 4.6℃/(100 m).From the formation to the development stage of the fog,the inversion gradually strengthened and the height of weak turbulence region also gradually increased.To be specific,the maximum height reached 280 m and thickness of the fog layer gradually increased with time.In the mature stage of the fog,the height of inversion layer reached the maximum of 250 m,meanwhile due to the influence of solar radiation,the intensity of inversion began to weaken,the upper turbulence of inversion layer began to increase and the height of the weak turbulence area decreased to 150 m.During the dissipating stage,the temperature inversion weakened and the thickness of the fog layer decreased rapidly.Meanwhile the turbulence increased and the inversion layer tended to dissipate gradually.During the period of fog formation,strong southeast wind occurred above the temperature inversion layer.In this case,the transportation of warm and humid air over the sea not only strengthened and maintained the temperature inversion,but also promoted the condensation of water vapor on the cold underlying surface,thus the heavy fog formed in the eastern coastal area.The vertical observation of UAV completely obtained the change characteristics of the boundary layer structure during the fog process,and the calculation of Ri well reflected the change of the height of the stable layer during the fog.

关 键 词：浓雾 边界层 旋翼无人机 湍流 辐射冷却 

分 类 号：P426.41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]