双重理论视角下新创企业竞争优势的实现路径——基于模糊集定性比较分析法与必要条件分析法  

The Realization Path of Competitive Advantage of New Ventures from the Dual Theoretical Perspectives——Based on fsQCA and NCA Methods

作　　者：张铭[1] 田慧敏 曾娜 ZHANG Ming;TIAN Hui-min;ZENG Na(College of Economics&Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Business Administration,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]华侨大学工商管理学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2023年第5期105-117,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“绿色发展视角下新创企业社会责任的结构、多层次成因及作用效果研究”(19BGL131)。

摘　　要：新创企业竞争优势是战略管理和创业的共享研究主题。现有研究主要基于某种特定理论视角,关注单个或几个前因条件的净效应。基于此,整合企业家理论和资源基础理论,以187家新创企业为样本,采用模糊集定性比较分析法和必要条件分析法,剖析个体与组织层次的4个前因对新创企业竞争优势的影响。研究表明,单个前因不构成新创企业竞争优势的必要条件;存在3种产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径,即企业家精神与企业资源协同驱动型组态、资源主导下的企业家精神促进型组态、资源主导下的动态能力促进型组态;存在3种产生非高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径,且与高水平新创企业竞争优势实现路径存在非对称性关系;企业家精神与动态能力在产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的组态中互为替代关系;而在动态能力和资源拼凑均缺失时,企业家精神和企业家资源的匮乏均可引致非高水平新创企业竞争优势。为实现高水平新创企业竞争优势,创业者应将创业当作事业,注意创业前与创业中各类资本的积累;新创企业应充分注重对现有资源的整合与利用,积极培育动态能力;政府则需要进一步营造良好的营商环境,让好政策“落地”;失败并不一定是成功之母,创业者不能依靠失败的创业经验反向推导高水平新创企业竞争优势的原因,新创企业需要根据情况选择适合自身发展的竞争优势获取路径。The competitive advantage of new ventures is a cross-research between strategic management and entrepreneurial research.Existing studies mainly focus on the"net effect"of a single or several antecedent conditions based on a specific theoretical perspective.Therefore,based on the integration of entrepreneur theory and resource-based theory,the authors select 187 new ventures as samples and adopt a combined research method of necessary condition analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze the influence of four antecedents at individual and organizational levels on the competitive advantage of new ventures.The results show that:a single antecedent does not constitute a necessary condition for the competitive advantage of new ventures;there are three realization paths to generate high level competitive advantage of new ventures,which are named as the synergy drive configuration of entrepreneurship and enterprise resources,resource-dominated entrepreneurship promotion configuration,and the resource-dominated dynamic capability promotion configuration;there are three realization paths that generate non-high level competitive advantage of new ventures,and there is an asymmetric relationship between them and configurations of high level competitive advantage of new ventures;entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities are substitutes for each other in the configuration of high competitive advantage of new ventures;and in the absence of either dynamic capabilities and resource bricolage,the lack of entrepreneurial resources or entrepreneurship can lead to nonhigh level competitive advantage of new ventures.In order to realize the high level competitive advantage of new ventures,entrepreneurs should treat entrepreneurship as a career and pay attention to accumulating all kinds of capital before and during entrepreneurship;new ventures should pay full attention to the integration and utilization of existing resources,and actively cultivate dynamic capability;and the government needs to further foster a s

关 键 词：新创企业 竞争优势 组态效应 定性比较分析 必要条件分析 

分 类 号：F271.3[经济管理—企业管理]