BDNPF/A含能增塑剂迁移对丁腈橡胶类绝热层性能的影响  

Effect of BDNPF/A energetic plasticizer migrationon performance of NBR insulation

作　　者：沈肖胤 李京修 时志权 姜洪伟 陈建发 张秀艳 SHEN Xiaoyin;LI Jingxiu;SHI Zhiquan;JIANG Hongwei;CHEN Jianfa;ZHANG Xiuyan(Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Power Technology,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海航天动力技术研究所,上海201100

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2023年第2期279-286,共8页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：国防科技基础加强计划项目(2019JCJQZD178)。

摘　　要：为探索含能增塑剂2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛/2,2-二硝基丙醇缩乙醛(BDNPF/A)迁移对丁腈橡胶基体绝热层性能的影响,采用浸渍法模拟BDNPF/A在丁腈橡胶基体绝热层内的迁移,获得了与自然条件下贮存12 a试验件内同配方绝热层BDNPF/A迁移含量基本一致的模拟试验件,并开展了热分解性能、抗烧蚀性能以及300℃恒温预处理后力学性能等测试。结果表明,浸渍30 d后,模拟试验件内BDNPF/A的重量占比达26.01%;与自然贮存12 a试验件绝热层内BDNPF/A含量相近;BDNPF/A迁移至丁腈橡胶基体绝热层后,导致丁腈橡胶基体绝热层提前分解,热防护作用下降,耐烧蚀性能明显降低且300℃恒温处理后绝热层抗拉强度降低98%以上,基本失去力学性能;同时,采用三元乙丙橡胶基体绝热层作为对比,在相同条件下开展BDNPF/A迁移实验,结果显示,BDNPF/A在三元乙丙橡胶基体绝热层内不发生迁移;分析认为,由于BDNPF/A和丁腈橡胶基体绝热层都属于极性材料,两者互溶导致迁移的产生,BDNPF/A分解产生大量的热和酸性气体,导致丁腈橡胶基体绝热层性能下降;在固体发动机设计时,应考虑增塑剂与绝热层的极性,选择不同极性的增塑剂与绝热层或在推进剂与绝热层之间增加极性不同的衬层阻挡,阻止迁移现象的发生。To explore the effect of bis-2,2-dinitropropyl formal/bis-2,2-dinitropropyl acetal(BDNPF/A)energetic plasticizer migration on the performance of NBR insulation,the immersion method was used to simulate the migration of BDNPF/A in the NBR insulation,and the simulated test pieces with the almost BDNPF/A migration content of the same formula insulation test piece under the 12-year natural storage was obtained.The thermal decomposition performance,ablation resistance and mechanical properties of the test pieces after constant temperature pretreatment at 300℃were tested.The results show that the BDNPF/A content in the simulated test piece is up to 26.01%after immersion for 30 days,which is similar to that under the 12-year natural storage;after BDNPF/A migrates into the insulation,the nitrile rubber matrix insulation decompose in advance,and thermal protection decrease,ablation resistance decrease significantly,moreover tensile strength of the insulation decrease by more than 98%after 300℃constant temperature treatment,and the mechanical properties are very worse.Under the same condition,test results show that BDNPF/A can’t migrate in EPDM insulation;the analysis shows that both of BDNPF/A and nitrile rubber matrix are polar materials,and the mutual solubility leads to the generation of migration.The decomposition of BDNPF/A can produce a large amount of heat and acid gas,which leads to the decrease of nitrile rubber matrix insulation performance.In the design of solid motor,the polarity of plasticizer and insulation should be considered.To select different polarity of plasticizer and insulation or install different polarity liner between propellant and insulation layer is help to prevent migration.

关 键 词：BDNDF/A 增塑剂 丁腈橡胶 绝热层 迁移 烧蚀 

分 类 号：V255[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]