茶树新品种‘甘露1号’选育研究  

Breeding New Tea Variety,Ganlu No.1

作　　者：李兰英[1,2] 刘东娜 龚雪蛟[1,2] 王迎春 尧渝[1,2] 胥亚琼 高远[1,2] 罗凡 LI Lan-ying;LIU Dong-na;GONG Xue-jiao;WANG Ying-chun;YAO Yu;XU Ya-qiong;GAO Yuan;LUO Fan(Tea Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066,China;Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所,四川成都610066 [2]精制川茶四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2023年第2期22-28,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：国家茶叶产业技术体系(CARS-19);四川省农业科学院青年基金项目(2019QNJJ-012)。

摘　　要：【目的】开展茶树新品种‘甘露1号’的选育研究,为适用于四川茶区细嫩芽叶(单芽、一芽叶初展)加工名优绿茶的生产方式提供品种原料。【方法】采用单株选择结合系统选育的方法,从蒙顶山脉野生四川中小叶茶树群体种中选育出优良品种甘露1号。【结果】甘露1号属灌木型、中叶类、特早生种,春季萌芽整齐,且比对照种‘福鼎大白茶’早3~6 d,芽头肥壮重实,生长势强,百芽重(93.22 g)和鲜叶亩产量(484.15 kg)分别较对照种高50.09%和22.13%;该品种内含物丰富,水浸出物(50.40%)、茶多酚(21.70%)、咖啡碱(4.10%)、儿茶素(14.27%)等组分含量及儿茶素品质指数均优于对照,有较好绿茶适制性;该品种抗寒、抗旱、抗病虫性较强。【结论】甘露1号是“优质”“高产芽型”和“甘露绿茶适制性强”的茶树新品种,适宜在与四川具有相似气候条件的茶区种植推广。【Objective】A new variety suitable for making a local specialty green tea in Sichuan,'Ganlu No.1',was bred.【Method】Using the method of individual selection and systematic breeding,a tea cultivar was chosen from the small-and-medium-leaf population found in the wild in Mengding Mountains and propagated for analysis and evaluation.【Result】The selected Ganlu No.1 plant was a shrub with medium size leaves that sprouted uniformly and exceedingly early in spring,which was 3 d to 6 d earlier than the reference'Fuding dabaicha'does.The tea bushes had plump and strong buds showing a robust growth potential.The hundred-bud weight averaged 93.22 g and the fresh leaf yield 484.15 kg·mu^(-1),which were 50.09% and 22.13%,respectively,higher than those of the reference.Chemically,the fresh Ganlu No.1 leaves were rich in functional ingredients with a composition of 50.40% water extract,21.70% polyphenols,4.10% caffeine,and 14.27% catechins.The catechin quality index was superior to that of control.In addition,Ganlu No.1 was strongly resistant to low temperature,drought,disease,and insect infestation.【Conclusion】Ganlu No.1 was a high-quality,high-yield tea variety suitable for cultivation in areas of similar climate like Mt.Mengding in Sichuan and for the traditional plucking on one-bud-and-one-newly-opened-leaf practiced in the area.The leaves was judged appropriate for the production of the famed specialty green tea as well.

关 键 词：茶树 新品种 选育 甘露1号 特早生 优质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]