从吕留良《四书讲义》看本天者与本心者之异  

The Differentiation between Theory Based on Heavenly Principles and Theory Based on Mind in LüLiuliang's Sishu Jiangyi

作　　者：杨抒漫 Yang Shuman(School of Humanities,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院,上海200092

出　　处：《嘉兴学院学报》2023年第3期5-12,69,共9页Journal of Jiaxing University

摘　　要：吕留良关于本天者和本心者之异的思想体现在其对佛学、心学、功利之学三大异端的抨击中,儒学和异端间的区别表现为:心之公私诚伪、天命意识的具足和阙如。儒学本天,以至诚无息的天理为依归,醇儒之心廓然大公,知天命而常存敬畏。异端本心,其心伪薄浇淳、背离天命,其使《大学》的慎独变为心的自欺,使《中庸》的位育变为心的想象,使《论语》之习学变为心的自我觉解而非居敬穷理,使《孟子》之王道变为心的权诈驰骛而非仁民爱物。由于尊崇朱子学,吕留良对本天者和本心者的研辨以光大朱子学真义为目标,强调以天理升华人心。Lü Liuliang's differentiation between theory based on heavenly principles and theory based on mind was expressed in his criticism of Buddhism,the School of Mind and utilitarianism.The differences between Confucianism and heresies lie in whether it is sincere or selfish,and whether it contains a sense of destiny or not.Confucianism is based on sincere and sustained heavenly principles and the highest good.Real Confucian scholars have no selfishness and always understand and respect heavenly principles.However,heresies are based on hypocritical and selfish minds that are the opposite of heavenly principles,and they turn the vigilance in The Great Learning into self-deception of the mind,“weiyu”,the outcome of the great management in The Doctrine of the Mean into the imagination of the mind,the learning of Analects into self-awareness of the mind rather than earnestness to and respect for exhaustive study on the principles,and kingcraft in Mencius into power and deception of the mind rather than loving the people.Because Lürespected Zhu Xi's theory,his differentiation between theory based on heavenly principles and theory based on mind aimed at maintaining and developing Zhu Xi's theory.Lüemphasized the sublimation of people's minds with the assistance of heavenly principles.

关 键 词：吕留良 《四书讲义》 朱子学 佛学 心学 功利之学 

分 类 号：B249.91[哲学宗教—中国哲学]