青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食情况调查分析  

Survey on the dietary pattern of the elderly in the minority areas,Qinghai

作　　者：董瑞环 赵宏[1] 韩晖 DONG Rui-huan;ZHAO Hong;HAN Hui(Department of Public Health,College of Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学部公共卫生系,青海西宁810000 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第8期1378-1382,1409,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：嘉道理“社区参与促进农村老年健康Ⅱ”项目。

摘　　要：目的分析青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食摄入情况、主要膳食模式及其影响因素。方法采用二阶段整群抽样的方法选取食物频率法调查青海省四县60岁及以上农村老年人膳食摄入情况,通过因子分析方法提取膳食模式,采用χ^(2)检验分析不同膳食模式研究人群特征,采用无序多分类logistic回归分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果研究人群每日食物摄入量与膳食指南推荐量存在差异,因子分析共提取三种膳食模式,分别为蔬菜薯类模式(28.60%)、禽肉水果模式(35.59%)和畜肉奶类模式(35.81%),χ^(2)检验显示最高四分位数组研究人群特征与最低四分位数组(Q1)相比差异有统计学意义,logistic结果显示在其他因素不变的情况下藏族老年人(OR=90.712,95%CI:38.263~215.054)较汉族更倾向于选择畜肉奶类模式,同时收入(OR=0.447,95%CI:0.250~0.798)、运动习惯(OR=2.374,95%CI:1.332~4.234)也是膳食模式的独立影响因素。结论青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食摄入存在过量和不足的情况,膳食模式分析发现存在食物种类缺乏、营养不均衡等缺点,民族饮食习惯是膳食模式选择的较大影响因素,应加强对老年人膳食状况的关注。Objective To analyze the dietary intake,main dietary patterns and influencing factors of the elderly in the minority areas of Qinghai Province.Methods Two-stage cluster sampling was used to investigate the dietary intake of the rural elderly aged 60 and above in four counties of Qinghai Province by food frequency method.Factor analysis was adopted to extract dietary patterns,Chi-square test was used to analyze the characteristics of different dietary patterns,and disordered multi-classification Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of dietary patterns.Results The daily food intake of the study population was different from the recommended amount.Three dietary patterns were vegetable and potato pattern(28.60%),poultry and fruit pattern(35.59%)and livestock meat and milk pattern(35.81%).Chi-square test showed that there were statistically significant differences between the Q4 and Q1.Logistic results showed that Tibetan elderly people(OR=90.712,95%CI:38.263-215.054)were more inclined to choose the mode of livestock meat and milk than Han nationality,while income(OR=0.447,95%CI:0.250-0.798)and exercise habits(OR=2.374,95%CI:1.332-4.234)were also independent influencing factors of dietary pattern.Conclusion There is excessive and insufficient dietary intake of the elderly in the minority areas of Qinghai Province.The dietary patterns of the elderly are fewer kinds of food and unbalanced nutrition,and national dietary habits have a great impact on the dietary patterns.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the dietary status of the elderly.

关 键 词：膳食模式 老年人 因子分析 

分 类 号：R153.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]