安吉县毛竹林下食用菌栽培产业发展现状与对策  

Current Situation and Countermeasures for Interplanting Edible Fungus under Phyllostachys edulis Stands in Anji County

作　　者：柳丽娜[1] 张建华 苏兰 唐辉[1] 桂祖云[1] 余礼华 李雪涛[1] LIU Li-na;ZHANG Jian-hua;SU Lan;TANG Hui;GUI Zu-yun;YU Li-hua;LI Xue-tao(Anji Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang,Anji 313300,China;People's Government of Tianhuangping Township of Zhejiang,Anji 313300,China;Lingfeng Street of Anji of Zhejiang Province,Anji 313300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省安吉县林业局,浙江安吉313300 [2]浙江省安吉县天荒坪镇人民政府,浙江安吉313300 [3]浙江省安吉县灵峰街道办事处,浙江安吉313300

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2023年第3期122-126,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：中央财政科技推广示范资金项目(﹝2020﹞TS17号)。

摘　　要：为了解安吉县毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林下食用菌栽培产业发展现状,采用入户调查和样地调查相结合的方式对安吉县毛竹林下食用菌栽培产业进行调查。结果表明,截至2021年底,已累计发展毛竹林下食用菌栽培面积19.24 hm2;毛竹林下食用菌栽培经营主体分别有家庭林场(农场)2家、毛竹专业合作社14家、企业3家,共计19家;食用菌种类由一个食用菌种竹荪Dictyophora indusiata发展到大球盖菇Stropharia rugosoannulata、黑皮鸡枞菌Oudemansiella raphanipes、灵芝Ganoderma Lucidum、猴头菇Hericium erinaceus、羊肚菌Morchella esculenta等多个食用菌种共同发展;竹荪可产954.63 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),按干竹荪500元·kg-1计算,经济效益可达47.73万元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),大球盖菇可产19625 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),经济效益可达23.55万元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)。分析了安吉毛竹林下食用菌栽培产业发展的有利条件,包括食用菌传统经营方式遭遇瓶颈、毛竹林资源丰富、政府扶持林下经济力度大、林下经济发展观念逐渐深入、林下食用菌栽培技术成熟、安吉旅游产业的快速发展等,但也存在基层技术人员少、投入成本大、销售困难等问题;提出了加强专业人才的培养、新技术推广和政策扶持、创新食用菌深加工产业发展、结合安吉特色打造自然健康的食用菌品牌等建议。In May 2022,household investigations were made on farmers and bases of interplanting edible fungus under Phyllostachys edulis stands in Anji county,Zhejiang province.The result showed that there were 2 family farms,14 bamboo cooperatives and 3 enterprises engaged.The species of edible fungi had Dictyophora indussiata,Stropharia rugosoannulata,Oudemansiella raphanipes,Ganoderma lucidum,Hericium erinaceus,Morchella esculenta and so on.Typical sample plots demonstrated that the yield of D.indussiata was 954.63 kg/ha,about RMB 477300 yuan/ha.The yield of St.rugosoannulata was 19625 kg/ha,about RMB 235500 yuan/ha.Analysis were made on advantages of interplanting edible fungus under Ph.edulis stands in Anji such as challenges of traditional cultivation of edible fungus,rich resources of bamboo forest,strong support from government,higher social conscious of under-forestry economy,understorey cultivation technique and rapid development of tourism.However,there are challenges like of technicians,inputs and sales.Suggestions were put forwarded such as training,extension,support,deep processing of edible fungus and establishing brand of Anji county.

关 键 词：毛竹 林下经济 食用菌 安吉县 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]