基因增强的伦理争议与反思  

Ethical Controversy and Reflection on Gene Enhancement

作　　者：王静霞 林志彬 WANG Jingxia;LIN Zhibin(School of Marxism,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2023年第5期499-504,共6页Chinese Medical Ethics

摘　　要：基因增强是近年来国内外研究的热点之一,基因增强在有望治疗人类基因性疾病和提升人类能力、性状的同时,也引发了一系列伦理问题。从伦理视域展开,支持基因增强的一方从人性的开放与未完成状态出发,提倡将基因增强作为人性向善与促进社会公平的一种有效替代方案,并且认为基因增强并不必然导致不平等,相反,基因增强还有助于道德提升。反对者则从人性的完整性出发,认为基因增强给人的尊严带来挑战,会造成人类身份认同危机,并且对社会公平正义具有严重的冲击作用,也是对自然秩序的僭越。对支持与反对基因增强的伦理观点进行整理、分析可以发现,基因增强所引发的社会公平正义问题通过政府及市场作用的发挥可以得到合理解决,而其所引发的人性问题则较为复杂,对于自然标准的设定缺乏立足依据,同时,基因增强也让人进一步反思人与技术的关系。Gene enhancement is one of the research hotspots at home and abroad in recent years.Gene enhancement is expected to treat human genetic diseases and improve human abilities and traits,but it also raises a series of ethical problems.From the perspective of ethics,those who support gene enhancement,starting from the open and unfinished state of human nature,advocate that gene enhancement is an effective alternative to promote human nature for kindness and social equity,and believe that gene enhancement does not necessarily lead to inequality,on the contrary,it contributes to moral improvement.Opponents,starting from the integrity of human nature,hold that gene enhancement challenges human dignity,causes a crisis of human identity,has a serious impact on social fairness and justice,and is also a violation of the natural order.By sorting out and analyzing the ethical viewpoints that support and oppose gene enhancement,this paper found that the social fairness and justice issues caused by gene enhancement can be reasonably solved through exercising the roles of the government and the market,while the human nature problems caused by gene enhancement are more complex,and the setting of natural standards lacks a basis.At the same time,gene enhancement also makes people further reflect on the relationship between human and technology.

关 键 词：基因增强 伦理争议 公平正义 自然 人性 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]