褐菖鲉稚鱼对柴油污染的行为和生理响应  

Behavioral and physiological responses of post-larval Sebastiscus marmoratus to diesel pollution

作　　者：田梦佳 郭浩宇 沈雨欣 张晓锋 田阔 柴学军[2] 张鼎元 张秀梅 TIAN Meng-jia;GUO Hao-yu;SHEN Yu-xin;ZHANG Xiao-feng;TIAN Kuo;CHAI Xue-jun;ZHANG Ding-yuan;ZHANG Xiu-mei(Fisheries College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Marine Fishery Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第5期2622-2631,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02047);国家自然科学基金项目(32102755);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN22C190015)。

摘　　要：为研究柴油水溶性组分对褐菖鲉稚鱼行为反应和胆碱酯酶活性的影响,本研究以我国东海区典型的近岸岩礁性鱼类褐菖鲉为研究对象,以近岸海水本底调查的石油烃浓度为参考,探讨了不同浓度船用燃料油(0#柴油水溶性组分,DWSF)对褐菖鲉稚鱼行为活跃性、探索性及捕食能力的影响,并结合鳃的组织学变化与神经传递相关酶活性变化探究了石油类污染对褐菖鲉稚鱼的毒性效应.结果表明,当海水中DWSF浓度增加时,褐菖鲉稚鱼的探索性与活跃性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.当DWSF浓度超过四类海水标准时(>0.30mg/L),稚鱼的行为活跃性受到明显抑制,捕食能力显著降低;通过组织学观察发现,当DWSF浓度达到0.45mg/L时,稚鱼的鳃组织会出现明显的病变和损伤,与神经传递相关的胆碱酯酶活性受到明显抑制,死亡率升高.综上可知,海水柴油污染能够引发褐菖鲉稚鱼的行为异常,显著降低其活饵捕食成功率,推断神经和呼吸系统功能受损可能是引发其行为异常的重要原因.为确保褐菖鲉等近岸岩礁性鱼类幼体的正常生长发育,海水中DWSF浓度应控制在0.45mg/L以下.Oil pollution is one of the most dominant forms of pollution in China's coastal areas and has a strong toxic effect on the marine fish,whose changes in behavior and physiological features are one of the most apparent manifestations of toxic stress.In this study,the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the offshore marine area of Zhoushan was investigated to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil(DWSF)on the activity,exploratory behavior,and predation ability of Sebastsicus marmoratus,a typical rockfish that inhabits the coastal waters of the East China Sea.Histological changes in gill tissue and enzyme activity related to neurotransmission were also investigated.The results show that the exploratory behavior and activity of post-larval fish first increased and then decreased with an increase in DWSF concentration.It was observed that the fish's behavioral activity was significantly inhibited,and the predation ability was impaired when the concentration of DWSF exceeded the standard of inferior Class-V water quality(DWSF>0.30mg/L).Once the concentration of DWSF reached 0.45mg/L,the gill tissue of the post-larval fish showed noticeable lesions and damage.Meanwhile,the activity of cholinesterase associated with neurotransmission was significantly inhibited,resulting in a high mortality rate.This suggests that marine diesel pollution can trigger apparent anomalous behavior,significantly reduce predation ability,and ultimately increase mortality in post-larval S.marmoratus.The impairment of the nervous and respiratory systems may be one critical reason for abnormal behaviors.Therefore,the concentration of DWSF in seawater should be controlled below 0.45mg/L in order to ensure the normal growth and development of the larvae of S.marmoratus and other near-shore resident rockfish.

关 键 词：褐菖鲉 行为 组织学 胆碱酯酶 死亡率 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]