“慎诉”政策背景下起诉裁量权的扩张及其应对  

The Expansion of Prosecutorial Discretion under the Background of“Cautious Prosecuting”Policy and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：任禹行 REN Yu-hang(School of Criminal Law,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an Shanxi 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院,陕西西安710063

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期89-100,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“大数据侦查视野下的公民基本权利保护研究”(项目编号:20FXA003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“裁量前提”“裁量基准”和“裁量方案”共同构成了起诉裁量权的基本建制,并分别回答了“什么情况下得进行起诉裁量”“据以作出决策应当考量何种因素”以及“起诉裁量决策所允许的最终方案”问题。对此三个问题的不同答案的排列组合,形成了不同大陆法系国家或地区的起诉裁量制度的立法模式。我国“慎诉”政策背景下起诉裁量权的扩张,集中体现为酌定不起诉制度的“裁量前提”和“裁量基准”的去约束化,前者意味着执行层面突破“轻罪和未完成形态犯罪”的范围约束,后者表现为“情节轻微”和“依照刑法规定不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚”要件的模糊化处理,即在执行层面允许承办检察官在参酌案件情节、行为人情况以及公共利益等要素的基础上进行个案权衡。遵循“去约束化”的思路,有必要重新检视我国现有的不起诉体系的立法模式,并为起诉裁量权的扩张提供立法文本层面的规范理据。“Discretionary premise”,“discretionary benchmark”,and“discretionary plan”together constitute the basic system of prosecutorial discretion,and respectively answer the questions of“under what circumstances can prosecutorial discretion be exercised”,“what factors should be considered when making decisions”and“the final plan allowed by the prosecutorial discretion decision”.The permutations and combinations of different answers to these three questions have formed the legislative model of the prosecutorial discretion system in different civil law countries or regions.The expansion of prosecutorial discretion under the background of China’s“cautious prosecution”policy is mainly reflected in the deregulation of the“discretion premise”and“discretion benchmark”of the prosecutorial discretion system.The former means that the implementation level breaks through the restriction of the scope of“minor crimes and unfinished crimes”,while the latter shows the vague treatment of the elements of“minor circumstances”and“no punishment or exemption from punishment is required according to criminal law”,that is,the implementation level allows the procurator to conduct case balancing based on the consideration of such elements as the circumstances of the case,the situation of the actor,and the public interest.Following the idea of“deregulation”,it is necessary to re-examine the existing legislative model of the nonprosecution system in China and provide a normative rationale at the legislative text level for the expansion of prosecutorial discretion.

关 键 词：少捕慎诉慎押 起诉裁量权 便宜原则 程序分流 暂缓起诉 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]