间作模式对桑园土壤养分及产量效益的影响  

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Soil Fertility,Yield and Economic Benefit of Mulberry Field

作　　者：周丽 贺兵[1] 李冬兵[1] 刘学锋[1] 曹文 余世权[1] 刘筱雪 王一[1] ZHOU Li;HE Bing;LI Dongbing;LIU Xuefeng;CAO Wen;YU Shiquan;LIU Xiaoxue;WANG Yi(Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yibin Sichuan 644000,China)

机构地区：[1]宜宾市农业科学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期100-107,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：财政部、农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-SYZ19);宜宾市科技计划项目(2022NY008).

摘　　要：为探究不同桑园间作模式下各间作体系产量和经济效益的差异,并优化桑园间作,以桑树净作(CK)为对照,另设桑树间作大豆(MS)、桑树间作花生(MP)、桑树间作甘薯(MSt)、桑树间作马铃薯(MPt)4种间作模式,分析了5种模式对桑园土壤肥力、桑叶及间作物产量、种间竞争力指数和系统综合经济效益的影响.结果表明:种植模式显著影响了桑园土壤养分含量、系统产量和综合经济效益.土壤养分随生育时期而变化,至共生结束,MS,MP两种养地间作模式土壤pH值分别降低了2.37%,0.39%,全氮和全钾含量比共生前分别增加了0.76%,11.49%和2.03%,0.26%;MSt,MPt两种耗地作物土壤pH值升高了5.71%,4.34%,土壤全磷含量降低了5.56%,2.04%,两者在土壤全氮和全钾含量的变化规律相反:MSt减少11.41%、MPt增加8.03%,MSt增加0.83%、MPt减少8.50%.与净作相比,MS,MSt,MPt模式下桑叶产量分别提高32.90%,35.50%,13.05%,MP降低10.55%,间作物产量较净作减少,但系统产量总体增加.除花生外,间作下大豆、甘薯、马铃薯的种间竞争能力均弱于桑树;各模式产投比从大到小依次为:MS,MP,MSt,MPt;间作提高了土地利用效率;MSt,MS,MPt和MP模式分别增加了间作物纯收入.综合考虑土壤养分含量、产投比、LER值和桑园综合经济效益等因素,在桑园中间作大豆具有更高的土壤可持续性和经济推广价值.In order to explore the difference in yield,economic benefit of different intercropping systems and optimize the intercropping for mulberry production,an experiment was performed with five planting patterns:mulberry monoculture(CK),mulberry-soybean intercropping(MS),mulberry-peanut intercropping(MP),mulberry-sweet potato intercropping(MSt),mulberry-potato intercropping(MPt).The soil nutrient content,yield of mulberry leaf and intercropped crops,interspecific competitiveness index and comprehensive economic benefit of five planting patterns were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that planting patterns significantly affected the soil nutrient content,systematic yield and comprehensive economic benefit of mulberry field.Soil nutrients varied with the growth stage,at the end of symbiosis,soil pH value of MS and MP decreased by 2.37%and 0.39%,respectively,while total nitrogen and total potassium contents increased by 0.76%,11.49%and 2.03%,0.26%,respectively,compared with that before the symbiosis.MSt and MPt resulted the increase of soil pH value by 5.71%and 4.34%,and decrease of total phosphorus content by 5.56%and 2.04%,respectively.The trends of the change on soil total nitrogen and total potassium content were opposite with the total nitrogen decreased by 11.41%in MSt and increased by 8.03%in MPt,and total potassium increased by 0.84%in MSt and decreased by 8.50%in MPt.Compared with CK,the mulberry leaf yield of MS,MSt and MPt increased by 32.90%,35.50%and 13.05%,respectively.However,it decreased by 10.55%in MP.Interspecific competition ability of soybean,sweet potato and potato was weaker than that of mulberry.The output/input ratio of each intercropping pattern ruducing as MS,MP,MSt,MPt.Compared with CK,the land utilization rate was much higher in mulberry intercropping system.Taking into account the factors such as soil nutrient content,output/input ratio,LER and comprehensive economic benefit of plant patterns of mulberry field,the mulberry-soybean intercropping system has a better improvement effect.I

关 键 词：桑园间作 土壤养分 土地当量比 产量 综合经济效益 

分 类 号：S314.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]