拉萨裂腹鱼在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择  

Need of Assisted Gene Flow and Genetic Selectivity of Zangmu Fishway and Jiacha Fishway on Schizothorax waltoni

作　　者：董微微 杨佐斌 谢意军 乔晔[1] 邵科[1] 熊美华[1] 汪鄂洲 余丹 朱滨[1] DONG Wei-wei;YANG Zuo-bin;XIE Yi-jun;QIAO Ye;SHAO Ke;XIONG Mei-hua;WANG E-zhou;YU Dan;ZHU Bin(Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem,Ministry of Water Resources,Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration,Wuhan 430079,China;Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610093,China;Power China Leshan Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Leshan 614099,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北省水生态保护与修复工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司,四川成都610093 [3]乐山中电建生态环保科技有限公司,四川乐山614099

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第4期783-796,共14页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会国家自然科学基金项目(32202943);藏木水电站过坝鱼类繁殖有效性研究(203021042);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0408904);中央部门预算项目库区维护和管理基金“三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统”(2136703)。

摘　　要：为了解拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择,采用线粒体Cyt b基因序列分析来自藏木水电站坝址上游(ZMBS)、藏木鱼道(ZMYD)、藏木水电站坝址下游(ZMBX)、加查鱼道(JCYD)和加查水电站坝址下游(JCBX)5个群体共220尾拉萨裂腹鱼的遗传多样性及遗传结构。结果表明:(1)藏木水电站和加查水电站坝址上游与下游拉萨裂腹鱼群体(ZMBS、ZMBX和JCBX)遗传多样性水平相近(H_(d(ZMBS))=0.868,P_(i(ZMBS))=0.00416;H_(d(ZMBX))=0.825,P_(i(ZMBX))=0.00388;H_(d(JCBX))=0.833,P_(i(JCBX))=0.00370),两两群体间基因交流频繁(25.23<|N_(m)|<81.33),未发生遗传分化(-0.0202<F_(ST)<0.0061;P>0.05),远交风险较低,具有基于基因交流的过坝需求,应被列为过鱼对象;(2)Network网络结构图和系统发育树结果显示拉萨裂腹鱼分化成3个Clade,存在同域分化现象,但未达到种的分化水平,可能是因为经历“昆仑-黄河运动”或更新世冰期避难所后的二次接触而形成;(3)单倍型和Clade的分布频率结果显示藏木鱼道和加查鱼道对拉萨裂腹鱼不同单倍型和不同Clade存在遗传选择压力。研究可为复核过鱼对象选择的合理性和鱼道精细化运行管理提供数据支撑和参考依据。Fishway is an important channel for migration and gene exchange of fish populations between upstream and downstream of dam.In this study,we sequenced 220 Cyt b gene sequences of Schizothorax waltoni,and analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structure from five populations,including upstream of Zangmu Hydropower Station(ZMBS),Zangmu fishway(ZMYD),downstream of Zangmu Hydropower Station(ZMBX),Jiacha fishway(JCYD)and downstream of Jiacha Hydropower Station(JCBX).Our aims were to study the need for assisted gene flow to prevent further loss of genetic diversity and boost adaptive potential and genetic selectivity of fishways on S.waltoni.The results show that:(1)The level of genetic diversity for S.waltoni populations between upstream and downstream of Zangmu Hydropower Station and Jiacha hydropower station(ZMBS,ZMBX and JCBX)were similar(H_(d(ZMBS))=0.868,P_(i(ZMBS))=0.00416;H_(d(ZMBX))=0.825,P_(i(ZMBX))=0.00388;H_(d(JCBX))=0.833,P_(i(JCBX))=0.00370),gene flow was not blocked(25.23<|N_(m)|<81.33),genetic divergence was not detected(-0.0202<F_(ST)<0.0061;P>0.05),indicated low risk of outbreeding depression.Five geographic populations were defined as one genetic management unit.There exists the demand of gene flow to pass through Zangmu fishway and Jiacha fishway for S.waltoni to avoid inbreeding depression.S.waltoni should be a target fish for Zangmu fishway and Jiacha fishway;(2)The results of network and neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree showed three Clades of S.waltoni,indicated sympatric divergence but not cryptic species,which may be formed by the secondary contact after the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement or the Pleistocene glacial refugia.(3)Genetic selection pressure was detected on S.waltoni from Zangmu fishway and Jiacha fishway.The results could provide data support and theoretical implications for rechecking the rationality of target fish setting and promoting the refinement operation management of fishway.

关 键 词：拉萨裂腹鱼 鱼道 基因流 同域分化 遗传选择 

分 类 号：R394.5[医药卫生—医学遗传学] Q16[医药卫生—基础医学]