万卓志在中国的鸟类学研究(1894—1943)  

George Durand Wilder’s Ornithological Research in China(1894—1943)

作　　者：秦硕莟 孙承晟[2] QIN Shuohan;SUN Chengsheng(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049,China;Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第1期73-90,共18页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：晚清以降,随着中国门户洞开,西方人纷纷前来中国进行博物学考察,鸟类学便是其中的一个重要门类。在中国鸟类学考察和研究上,美国公理会传教士万卓志是一位长期坚持并做出了重要贡献的学者。他在前人研究基础上,结合自己的鸟类考察,发表了众多鸟类学成果,尤其是与祁天锡、慕维德合作编纂的《中国鸟类目录试编》,堪称当时最全面的中国鸟类目录。本文依据丰富的西文档案、万卓志的著述及相关报刊资料,首先梳理他的教育背景和生平,揭示其鸟类学机缘及汉学成就;其次还原他在中国的鸟类考察活动、与西方鸟类学同行和中国人的互动往来;最后对他的鸟类学著作进行深入分析,阐述他在鸟类中文命名方面的工作和在中国鸟类学史上的独特贡献,希冀为近代中西方科学交流提供一个重要的案例。With the opening of China's gates in the late Qing Dynasty,more and more westerners came to China for scientific investigations,of which ornithological research was one of the important parts.George Durand Wilder(1869—1946),a missionary of the American Congregational Church,persisted in ornithological surveys and research for a long time and made important contributions therein.On the basis of studies of previous scholars and his own investigations,he published many ornithological works,especially A Tentative List of Chinese Birds compiled in cooperation with Nathaniel Gist Gee(1876—1937)and Lacy Irvine Moffett(1878—1957),which was the most comprehensive catalogue of Chinese birds at that time.Based on rich archives,Wilder's writings,and relevant newspaper materials,this paper firstly presents his life and educational background and reveals the origin of his ornithological studies.Secondly,it investigates his ornithological research activities in China and his interactions with Western colleagues and Chinese people.Thirdly,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of his works on ornithology,expounds his work on the Chinese naming of birds and his unique contribution to Chinese ornithology,hoping to provide an important case for the scientific exchange between China and the West in the first half of the 20^(th)century.

关 键 词：万卓志 鸟类学 《中国鸟类目录试编》 鸟类的中文命名 晚清民国 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] Q95-3[生物学—动物学]