喻体的语法载体与语法占位  

The Syntactic Carriers and the Syntactic Positions of the Vehicles

作　　者：曾毅平[1] 李春红 Zeng Yiping;Li Chunhong

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院,广州510610 [2]玉溪师范学院文学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2023年第3期61-70,共10页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“‘侨批’词汇研究”(项目编号:20AZD127)的资助。

摘　　要：喻体是比喻的必要成分,呈现于语表。语料库调查显示,喻体的语法载体包括语素、词、短语、小句,以短语最优。喻体的语法占位,依次为宾、状、补、定、主、述、兼语位,其中宾位占绝对优势。主、述、宾、补位喻体的优势载体是短语,定、状、兼语位,优势载体是词。喻体语法载体和占位对应规律的揭示,可为语言信息处理的比喻识别提供线索。词法实现的比喻,喻体成为构词成分,是修辞现象的词汇化和语法化。在平行对举句式中,喻体句反映了辞格向表现手法的转化。The vehicle is a necessary component of a metaphor sentence,which must be presented in the language expressions.A corpus survey shows that the syntactic carriers of vehicles include morphemes,words,phrases and clauses,and phrases are the best and the most.The grammatical positions of the vehicles are in the order of object,adverbial,complement,attributive,subject,predicate and adjunct,of which the position of object is absolutely dominant.The dominant carriers of vehicles in the position of subject,predicate,object and complement are phrases,while the dominant carriers in the positions of attribute,adverbial and adjunct are words.First of all,the revelation of the corresponding law between the grammatical carrier and the grammatical placeholder of vehicles can provide clues for the recognition of metaphors in language information processing.Secondly,the metaphorical realization of morphology,where the vehicle becomes a word-forming component,is the lexicalization and grammaticalization of rhetorical phenomena.Thirdly,in the parallel sentence patterns,the clauses as the vehicles reflect the transformation of the figures of speech into the means of expressions.

关 键 词：喻体 语法载体 语法占位 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]