快速通道衔接匝道布局优化与适应性分析  

Analysis on Optimization and Adaptability of Fast Channel Connection Ramp Layout

作　　者：朱顺应[1] 饶浪 吴景安 吴东平[2] 陈秋成 ZHU Shun-ying;RAO Lang;WU Jing-an;WU Dong-ping;CHEN Qiu-cheng(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430063,China;CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,湖北武汉430063 [2]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第3期182-192,共11页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71771183)。

摘　　要：快速通道是指能够实现快速运输的交通系统,它常因瓶颈路段而影响车辆的快速通行。快速通道的匝道布局方案优化设计是减少瓶颈路段产生的重要手段,但目前缺乏定量精细化布局优化方法,同时也难以评估衔接匝道布局方案是否能够适应未来的流量变化。为解决这个问题,提出了一种快速通道衔接匝道布局优化设计方法体系。考虑车流的连续性、快速通道的高效性、地面道路的通畅性、整体通道的流量均衡性与衔接匝道的经济性等因素,以通道内所有车辆通行时间最短为目标,建立了快速通道匝道衔接布局优化模型,并利用遗传算法求解得出不同情形下的最优方案。针对通道系统、快速通道路段和地面出口路段构建了3个适应性评价指标,对最优方案通道应对交通不确定性需求的弹性能力进行了综合评价,为分析通道应对不确定性需求提供了一种方法。以假设广州-深圳高速公路修建上垮桥和地面辅道方案为例,验证了该优化方法的适用性。结果表明:此方法能定量确定不同约束条件下衔接通道的修建个数、位置和匝道车道数,并有效减少因衔接不当和需求不确定性耦合而产生的瓶颈路段,保证了快速通道的高效通行,完善了在设计阶段以衔接匝道布局优化解决快速通道拥挤问题的方法体系。Fast channel is the traffic system that enables rapid transport,it often affects the rapid transit of vehicles due to bottleneck sections.The optimal design of ramp layout scheme for fast channels is an important means of reducing the creation of bottleneck sections,but there is a lack of quantitative refined layout optimization methods at present,and it is also difficult to assess whether the connection ramp layout scheme can adapt to future traffic volume changes.To solve this problem,a methodological system for optimizing the layout design of connection ramps for fast channels is proposed.Considering the continuity of traffic flow,the efficiency of fast channels,the smoothness of ground roads,the volume balance of the channels and the economics of the connection ramps,with the objective of minimizing the passage time of all vehicles in the channel,an optimization model for the connection ramp layout is established,which is solved using genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution for different scenarios.Three adaptability evaluation indicators are constructed for the channel system,fast channel sections and ground road sections.A comprehensive evaluation on the elastic capacity of the channel in the optimal scheme is made to cope with the uncertain traffic demand,which provides a method for analyzing the channel to cope with the uncertain demand.The applicability of the optimization method is verified by taking construction of the hypothetical overpass bridge and ground road scheme for the Guangzhou-Shenzhen expressway for example.The result shows that the method can quantitatively determine the number and location of connection channel and the number of ramp lanes under different constraints,and effectively reduce the bottleneck section caused by the coupling of improper connection and demand uncertainty,ensuring efficient access in channel system,improving the methodological system for solving the congestion problem of fast channels by optimizing the layout of connection ramp in the design phase.

关 键 词：交通工程 衔接匝道布局 遗传算法 瓶颈路段 快速通道 不确定性需求 最优化问题 

分 类 号：U491.12[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]