我国自由刑执行难题及其破解——兼论依托智能再犯风险评估的再犯数字治理  

The Problem in the Execution of Punishment against Liberty in Our Country and Its Solution:on Digital Governance of Recidivism Based on Intelligent Risk Assessment of Recidivism

作　　者：狄小华[1] DI Xiaohua(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期31-43,共13页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0831100)。

摘　　要：自由刑执行坚持惩罚和改造相结合,以改造人为宗旨。然而,以平均分配有限行刑资源为特征的传统自由刑执行模式,不仅加剧了剥夺或限制自由的惩罚与促进罪犯融入社会的改造之间的固有矛盾,而且引起了改造手段与目的之间的背离,带来了行刑不公与效率不高的消极影响。随着国家法治进程加快,特别是刑事司法人工智能的不断发展,统一刑罚执行改革必须借助人工智能技术推进自由刑执行的一体化。为此,针对传统行刑存在的供给与需求不匹配难题,要依托再犯风险评估智能化的发展,通过准确评估、即时预警、精准推荐、循证监管和改造实现犯因与应因的动态匹配,并以此实现自由刑执行标准统一、主体协同、关系协调、程序规范、前后衔接等一体化目标。The execution of punishment against liberty adheres to the combination of punishment and reform,with the purpose of transforming people.However,the traditional free execution punishment against liberty,characterized by the equal distribution of limited execution resources,not only intensifies the inherent contradiction between the punishment that deprives or restricts freedom and the reform that promotes the criminals to integrate into the society,but also causes the deviation between the means and the purpose of the reform,bringing the negative impact of unfair and inefficient execution of sentences.With the acceleration of the process of national rule of law,especially the continuous improvement of artificial intelligence in criminal justice,the unification of penalty execution reform must promote the integration of punishment against liberty with the assistance of artificial intelligence technology.To this end,in response to the mismatch between supply and demand that exists in traditional execution,it is essential to rely on the development of intelligent risk assessment of recidivism,to achieve dynamic matching of criminal causes and responses through accurate assessment,immediate warning,precise recommendation,evidence-based supervision and reform,and in this way to achieve the integration goals such as unified standards,subject coordination,relationship harmonization,procedural standardization,and backward and forward convergence in the execution of punishment against liberty.

关 键 词：自由刑执行 行刑一体化 智能风险评估 再犯数字治理 循证实践 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]