西安市患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师职业压力、职业紧张对心理健康的影响  

Effects of occupational pressure and occupational stress on mental health of female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools in Xi'an City

作　　者：解东波 苏小花 冯延平 樊琴 XIE Dong-bo;SU Xiao-hua;FENG Yan-ping;FAN Qin(Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an Shanxi,710038,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学第二附属医院妇产科,陕西西安710038

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第6期747-751,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解西安市患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师的职业压力、职业紧张对其心理健康的影响。方法采用方便抽样法,抽取2020年1月—2021年10月在空军军医大学第二附属医院妇科门诊就诊的384名患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师作为调查对象,采用职业压力量表、职业紧张量表和症状自评量表90项(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)进行调查并分析。结果西安市384名患妇科疾病的中小学女教师职业压力得分为(139.73±34.27)分,职业紧张得分为(399.10±68.46)分,SCL-90得分为(194.48±52.76)分。患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师职业压力与SCL-90及职业紧张得分均呈正相关(r=0.554、0.628,均P<0.01),职业紧张和SCL-90得分呈正相关(r=0.589,P<0.01)。不同年龄、教龄、是否班主任、婚姻状况、生育状况、月收入及疾病严重程度的患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师心理健康比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);职业压力和职业紧张联合解释患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师心理健康31.4%的变异。结论西安市384名患有妇科疾病的中小学女教师心理健康水平较低,职业压力和职业紧张是心理健康的主要影响因素,降低职业压力和职业紧张水平有利于改善其心理健康水平。Objective To explore the effects of occupational pressure and occupational stress on mental health of female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools in Xi'an City.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,384 female teachers with gynecological diseases from primary and secondary schools were selected as the survey objects,who visited the gynecological clinic of the Second Afiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January in 2020 to October in 2021.The occupational pressure scale,occupational stress scale and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)were used for investigation and analysis.Results The scores of occupational pressure,occupational stress and mental health of 384 female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools in Xi'an City were(139.73±34.27),(399.10±68.46)and(194.48±52.76)points,respectively.The occupational pressure of female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools was positively correlated with scores of SCL-90 and occupational stress(r=0.554,0.628,both P<0.01),and occupational stress was positively correlated with scores of SCL-90(r-0.589,P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the mental health among female primary and secondary school teachers with gynecological diseases at different age,teaching years,whether they were head teachers,marital status,reproductive status,monthly income and disease severity(all P<0.05).The occupational pressure and occupational stress jointly explained 31.4%of the variation of mental health of female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools.Conclusion The mental health level of female teachers with gynecological diseases in primary and secondary schools in Xi'an City is low,the occupational pressure and occupational stress are the main influencing factors of mental health,so reducing the level of occupational pressure and occupational stress is conducive to improving their mental health level.

关 键 词：中小学女教师 妇科疾病 职业压力 职业紧张 心理健康 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]