东莞某高校贫困大学生心理健康问题4年追踪观察  

A four-year follow-up study on mental health of impoverished college students in Dongguan

作　　者：余琼 刘媛 刘润香 YU Qiong;LIU Yuan;LIU Runxiang(Student Affairs Office of Dongguan City University,Dongguan 523419 Guangdong Province China;不详)

机构地区：[1]东莞城市学院学生处,广东523419 [2]吉林大学南方研究院 [3]抚州市第二实验学校 [4]南昌大学心理健康教育中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第4期577-581,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：广东省教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度项目(2020gx jk474);江西省社会科学“十三五”基金项目(20JY08)。

摘　　要：目的探讨贫困大学生在校期间从大一至大四心理健康的变化趋势,为改善贫困大学生心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用整群抽样法,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对东莞某高校2018级403名贫困大学生和3559名非贫困大学生的心理健康状况进行纵向追踪,2018—2021年每年10月份进行问卷调查。结果4年来,贫困大学生的心理健康水平逐年提升,SCL-90总均分、阳性均分均降低(F值分别为106.60,96.37,P值均<0.01)。贫困女大学生的心理健康水平与贫困男大学生差异逐渐缩小,大一至大二贫困女生的总均分、阳性均分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子均分均高于男生(t=-3.97~-2.21,P值均<0.05);但从大三开始,贫困女大学生与贫困男大学生的SCL-90总均分、阳性均分、大多数因子均分以及各心理症状问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。4年来,贫困大学生与非贫困大学生SCL-90总均分、阳性均分及大多数因子均分差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),心理症状问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论4年来,贫困大学生的心理健康水平显著提升,男女贫困大学生的心理健康状况差异缩小至相当水平,贫困大学生心理健康状况与非贫困大学生差异无统计学意义。应多从积极心理学视角来探讨贫困大学生群体更多的积极心理特征。Objective To explore the changes of mental health of impoverished college students from the first year to the last year to provide reference for improving mental health of impoverished college students.Methods The cluster sampling method was used to conduct a longitudinal follow-up survey in October of each year from 2018 to 2021.Mental health status of 403 impover-ished and 3559 non-impoverished college students in a university from Dongguan in 2018 grade was assessed using the SCL-90 scale.Results During the past four years mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved by year and both the total and positive mean scores of SCL-90 were reduced F=106.6096.37 P<0.01.Sex difference in mental health score among poor college students gradually decreased over time.In the first two years total score positive score somatization depression anxiety phobia factor scores were higher than male students t=-3.97--2.21 P<0.05 while since the third year in college no similar differences in SCL-90 total mean score positive average average score of most factors and detection rate were observed P>0.05.In the past four years there was also no significant difference between poor and non-poor college students in mental health score P>0.05.Conclusion For the past 4 years the mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved.The sex difference in mental health status among poor college students and between poor and non-poor college students gradually disappear.Subsequent researchers should explore more positive psychological characteristics of poor students from the per-spective of positive psychology.

关 键 词：精神卫生 方差分析 纵向研究 学生 贫困 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R179[哲学宗教—心理学]