真理伦理对自由伦理困境的回应——评巴迪欧论萨特的《阿尔托纳的隐居者》  

The Response of Ethic of Truths to the Dilemma of Liberal Ethics:Badiou's Critical Review of Sartre's Les Séquestrés d'Altona

作　　者：艾士薇[1] Ai Shiwei(the College of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2023年第2期50-61,共12页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评的理论资源与对外传播研究”(21&ZD264)。

摘　　要：巴迪欧从家庭情节剧、社会道德寓言、个人与历史关系三个维度探讨萨特的戏剧《阿尔托纳的隐居者》,这既是对剧作的解读,也是对萨特伦理思想的拓展、诘问与回应。巴迪欧通过拉康的精神分析符号学拓展萨特将父子简化为自我与他人关系的理解,对萨特的自由选择、自欺及选择标准展开苏格拉底式诘问,最终用真理伦理回应自由伦理带来的虚无主义困境。真理伦理指保持对真理的忠诚,它不是普遍性的,而是诸多独特真理的伦理。它寻找既有伦理规范中的突破口,旨在培养主体的辨识力、勇气和忍耐、适度和克制。真理伦理不仅回答了萨特作品中、创作时的伦理问题,也给巴迪欧所处时代陷入危机的法国提供了一剂药方,且对当下依旧有效。Badiou explores Sartre's play,Les Séquestrés d'Altona,in three dimensions:a family melodrama,an allegory of social morality,and the personal-historical relationship.What he attemts to deliver is not only an interpretation of the play,but also an expansion,inquiry,and response all targeted at Sartre's ethical ideas.Through Lacan's psychoanalytic semiotics,Badiou expands Sartre's understanding of father and son as reduced to the relationship between self and others,launches a Socratic inquiry into Sartre's free choice,self-deception,and the criteria of choice,and ultimately respond to the nihilistic dilemma posed by the liberal ethics with the ethic of truths.The Ethic of truths,which means remaining faithful to truths,is not an ethic in general,but an ethic subordinate to the particularity of a truth.It seeks a breakthrough in ethical standards so as to develop a sense of discernment,courage and endurance,moderation and restraint of a subject.The ethic of truths not only answers Sartre's ethical questions in the play and at the time of his writing,but also provides a remedy for the crisis-stricken France in Badiou's time,which remains equally valid at present.

关 键 词：《阿尔托纳的隐居者》 巴迪欧 萨特 真理伦理 自由伦理 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学] I565.073[文学—其他各国文学]