正义意味着什么  

An Inquiry into the Meaning of Justice

作　　者：姚大志[1] Yao Dazhi

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2023年第4期93-101,F0003,共10页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“平等主义之后的哲学研究”(编号20AZX013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：与自由、平等、法治和民主等观念相比,正义是一个非常难以把握的观念。正义观念之所以难以把握,乃因为它是形式的,没有固定的内容。因此,我们要想弄清楚“正义意味着什么”,就需要对它加以进一步追问。从历史上说,有三种关于正义的追问,即前现代的、现代的和后现代的。从逻辑上说,也有三种关于正义的追问,它们是“什么的正义”“什么是正义”和“谁的正义”。历史与逻辑的追问是对应的。也就是说,对正义的追问可以分为三种,它们分别是“前现代的追问:什么的正义”“现代的追问:什么是正义”以及“后现代的追问:谁的正义”。正义不仅是形式的,也是程序性的。正义的形式性和程序性表明,正义的实质性内容是由政治价值赋予的。The idea of justice has become more and more important in the public life of China since the beginning of 21"'century.Many people,including scholars,officials,and even the common people,are likely to call upon""justice"to express their ideas and claims pertaining to many issues,however,different people have different understandings of just what the notion means.The notion of justice is also rather different from other basic notions of political philosophy,such as freedom,equality,rule by law,and democracy,largely because its formality and its lack of static contents make it difficult to understand.Therefore,if we intend to understand the meaning of justice,a detailed inquiry into it is necessary.We can inquire into three stages of its meaning,namely pre-modern,modern and post-modern.We can also inquire into three of its logics,namely"the justice of what","what is justice",and"the justice of who".Since the historical inquiries correspond to the logical inquiries,we may organize them into"the pre-modern inquiry into justice of what","the modern inquiry into what is justice",and"the post-modern inquiry into the justice of who".

关 键 词：正义 政治哲学 道德哲学 现代性 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]