汉代经营西域的统治支点与战略设计  

The Ruling Focus and Strategic Design of the Han Dynasty in its Governance of the Western Regions

作　　者：黎镜明 LI Jing-ming(School of Cultural heritage,China-Central Asia"the Belt and Road"Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research,Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学中国—中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期91-98,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助项目“汉代敦煌郡的日常涉边事务研究”(2021M692612)。

摘　　要：汉代经营西域首先是出于对华夏区域的安全保障,其次是为了建立对“内属”诸国的统治,又时常体现出对招“远夷”为“外臣”的兴趣。出于对西域特殊地理环境、经济生业和政权组织形式、地缘政治格局等因素的因应,汉代的经略在空间逻辑上注重控制行政治所、屯戍据点和交通线路,点线结合。在统治形态上,以西域都护统领天山南北道诸国,但主要依靠当地酋首自治,实行消耗最低的间接统治。在交聘策略上,善于分化、瓦解敌对阵营,最大限度地利用同盟和属众。汉代以乌孙、都护府、敦煌郡为统治支点,依托盟友、城邦诸国、边郡的实力,分别以徕远国、安天山、固河西为目标进行了三种战略设计。由于统治支点和依托力量的不同,三种设计的有效性和稳定性各异,三者间保持了开放和流动。战略利益的优先性决定了何种战略设计居于主导地位。The first reason for the Han Dynasty to govern the western regions was to guarantee the security of the central region,secondly for ruling the"internally owned"states,and at the same time it managed to subdue"distant aliens"as"foreign vassals".In response to the special geographical environment,economic life and political organization,geopolitical patterns and other influencing factors of the Western Regions,the Dynasty strategically focused on the control of political centers,military bases and traffic routes.In the form of ruling,the Frontier Command Headquarters of the Western Regions commanded the states north and south of the Tianshan Mountains,but mainly empowered the local leaders to administrate autonomously,which is an indirect rule at the lowest cost.In terms of engagement strategy,the dynasty was good at dividing and dissolving hostile enemies and made the most of its alliances and subordinates.The Dynasty made three strategic designs of attracting distant aliens,stabilizing Tianshan,and consolidating Hexi corridor,with Wusun,Frontier Command,and Dunhuang as its foci,and its allies,city-states,and border counties as its supports.As the foci and supports were different,the designs experienced varying validity and stability.However,they were open and volatile.The priority of strategic interest determined the choice of the design.

关 键 词：西域 空间逻辑 交聘策略 统治支点 战略设计 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]