农作物种业管理机构改革:现实困境、理论逻辑与实现进路  

Reform of Crop Seed Industry Management Institutions:Realistic Dilemma,Theoretical Logic and Realization Path

作　　者：刘春青 靖飞[2] 张力科[1] 柏长青[1] 马文慧 景琦 唐嘉城 LIU Chunqing;JING Fei;ZHANG Like;BAI Changqing;MA Wenhui;JING Qi;TANG Jiacheng(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125 China;School of Management,Bohai University,Jinzhou Liaoning 121013,China)

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]渤海大学管理学院,辽宁锦州121013

出　　处：《种子》2023年第3期145-156,共12页Seed

摘　　要：2000年开始农作物种业市场化改革以来,机构、人员及管理职责从上到下都在不断调整和改变,但到现在仍然存在比较突出的种业地位与管理机构设置失配、管理机构与承担职责错配、管理队伍与承担职责不配三方面现实困境。从这些问题反映出来的是农作物种业管理要不要存在、如何存在的更深层次的问题,需要从经济学视角对农作物种业机构改革的推进进行反思。市场经济下政府管理存在的理论依据是市场失灵,农作物种业存在垄断、外部性、信息不对称等市场失灵因素,必须要通过科学的政府管理职能来弥补市场失灵带来的效率损失。农作物种业管理机构的职能需要以服务好供需两端为核心重构,坚持市场主导资源配置为方向,通过信息服务引导消费者和生产者理性行为,通过严管源头经营行为,严格管理农作物种子企业的经营行为,净化和规范农作物种业市场。Since the market-oriented reform of crop seed industry began in 2000,institutions,personnel and management responsibilities had been constantly adjusted and changed from top to bottom.However,until now,there were still three practical dilemas:mismatching of seed industry status and management organization setting,mismatching of management organization and responsibility undertaking,and unmatching of management team and responsibility undertaking.These problems reflected the deeper problems of crop seed industry management whether to exist,how to exist,needed to reflect on the reform of crop seed industry institutions from the perspective of economics.The theoretical basis of government management under market economy was market failure.There were market failure factors such as monopoly,externality and information asymmetry in crop seed industry,so it was necessary to make up for the efficiency loss caused by market failure through scientific government management functions.The functions of crop seed industry management institutions needed to be reorganized to serve both ends of supply and demand,adhere to the direction of market-oriented resource allocation,guide consumers and producers to rational behavior through information services,and purify and standardize the crop seed industry market through strict management of source operation behavior,strict management of small enterprises,strict management of grassroots streets and fields.

关 键 词：农作物种业 管理机构改革 现实困境 理论逻辑 实现进路 

分 类 号：F324.6[经济管理—产业经济]