近40年挠力河流域沼泽湿地退化特征及驱动因素量化研究  

Degradation Characteristics and Quantitative Research on the Driving Factors of Marshes in Naoli River Basin in Recent 40 Years

作　　者：王梓云 刘建卫[1] 王熙 东迎欣[2] 王天亮[2] WANG Zi-yun;LIU Jian-wei;WANG Xi;DONG Ying-xin;WANG Tian-liang(Institute of Water Environment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning Province,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation,Design and Research Institute,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学水环境研究所,辽宁大连116024 [2]黑龙江省水利水电勘测设计研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第5期47-55,62,共10页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400903);国家自然科学基金项目(51679026)。

摘　　要：受人为因素、气候变化和水文条件的影响,近40年挠力河流域沼泽湿地退化严重。基于1980-2020年多期土地利用数据及长时间序列水文和气象数据资料,分析了挠力河流域沼泽湿地退化特征,通过线性拟合、相关分析和逐步多元回归分析,定量探讨了流域沼泽湿地退化与水文条件、气候变化和人为干扰的关系。结果表明:近40年挠力河流域沼泽湿地面积萎缩严重,生态景观也呈现退化趋势;流域径流系数变化率与沼泽湿地面积、最大斑块指数和斑块占景观面积指数变化率的变化趋势呈现较好的一致性;气象要素中气温对表征湿地面积类的生态指标影响显著,相对湿度对表征密度和景观形状类的生态指标影响显著;人为干扰度与沼泽湿地面积、最大斑块指数、斑块占景观面积指数和聚集度指数呈显著负相关。RDA1和RDA2分别解释沼泽湿地景观指数变化总方差的73.93%和24.78%,人为干扰的贡献率高达59.3%。各自然保护区成立后人为因素对湿地的影响减弱,自然因素对湿地的影响更加突出。Affected by human factors,climate change and hydrological conditions,marshes in Naoli River Basin have deteriorated seriously in recent 40 years.Based on multi-period land use data and long-time series hydrological and meteorological data from 1980 to 2020,this paper analyzes the characteristics of marshes degradation in Naoli River Basin.Through linear fitting,correlation analysis and stepwise multi⁃ple regression analysis,the relationship between wetland degradation and hydrology,climate and human disturbance in Naoli River Basin is quantitatively discussed.In addition,this paper analyzes the comprehensive influence of various factors on marshes and calculates its contri⁃bution rate through RDA.The results show that from 1980 to 2020,the marsh area in Naoli River Basin decreased seriously and the land⁃scape pattern was also significantly degraded.The Largest Patch Index(LPI),Percentage of Landscape(PLAND)and Patch Cohesion Index(COHESION)of marsh showed a significant downward trend,the Patch Density(PD)and Landscape Shape Index(LSI)showed a trend of decrease-increase–decrease pattern,and Contagion Index(CONTAG)showed a fluctuating upward trend.Simpson's Diversity Index(SIDI)and Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI)showed a downward trend.The runoff in Naoli River Basin generally showed a decreasing trend before 2019,the change rate of runoff coefficient was consistent with the change rate of marsh area,LPI and PLAND.Among the mete⁃orological elements,temperature,relative humidity and sunshine hours are the main factors that affect the ecological landscape of marsh wet⁃land.Temperature had significant effects on ecological indicators representing area,while relative humidity had significant effects on ecologi⁃cal indicators representing density and landscape shape;hemeroby was significantly negatively correlated with marsh area,LPI,PLAND and CONTAG.RDA1 and RDA2 accounted for 73.93%and 24.78%of the total variance of marshes landscape index change,and the contri⁃bution rate of hemeroby was 59.3%.After t

关 键 词：沼泽湿地 径流系数 气候变化 人为干扰 挠力河流域 

分 类 号：TV882.8[水利工程—水利水电工程] X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]