论普遍守法义务的政治前提——对苏格拉底之死的再诠释  

The Political Prerequisite of the Universal Obligation to Obey the Law:A Reinterpretation of the Death of Socrates

作　　者：林文挺 李德进[1] LIN Wenting;LI Dejin

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《成都行政学院学报》2023年第2期88-97,119,120,共12页Journal of Chengdu Administration Institute

摘　　要：国内主流法理学界将“苏格拉底之死”事件视为“恶法亦法”命题的萌芽或苏格拉底对“法律信仰”的殉道,这两种解释实际都将“苏格拉底之死”事件理解为苏格拉底对“形式正义”的遵守。通过对“苏格拉底之死”事件的再考察,可发现苏格拉底认为的“普遍的守法义务”并非基于“形式正义”,而是基于平等公民的民主政治。这一政治前提对于守法义务的成立是必要而非充分的。对“恶法亦法”命题的误解和对主体视角的忽视所造成的“问题误置”,国内主流法理学界误解了“苏格拉底之死”事件的理论内涵,进而忽视了这一重要的政治前提。The mainstream legal academic community in China regards the"death of Socrates"as the origin of"bad law is still law"or as Socrates'martyrdom for his"belief in law".Both interpretations understand the event as Socrates'compliance with"formal justice".However,upon re-examining the event,it can be found that the"universal obligation to obey the law"Socrates believed is not based on"formal justice",but on the democratic politics which emphasizes equal citizenship.This political prerequisite is necessary,rather than sufficient,for the establishment of the obligation to obey the law.Misunderstanding"bad law is still law"and neglecting the subjective perspective have led to the misplacement of the problem.The mainstream legal academic community in China has misunderstood the theoretical implications of the"death of Socrates"and has thereby ignored this important political prerequisite.

关 键 词：恶法亦法 自由意志 奥斯丁 苏格拉底之死 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]