论科学研究中的想象以及相似性思维  

Imagination and Analogical Thinking in Scientific Research

作　　者：张康之 Zhang Kangzhi(Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期31-40,共10页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划领军人才项目(22YJC06ZD)。

摘　　要：想象是人能够思想的标志之一。在科学研究中,想象发挥了非常重要的作用。但是,在近代以来的科学发展中,由于分析性思维成了科学研究中的主导性思维方式,往往表现出对想象的排斥。特别是社会科学中的实证研究,造成了抑制人想象力的后果。与科学研究排斥想象不同,日常生活是想象最为充盈的领域。在人类社会的发展中,正是日常生活保有了想象和促进了想象的进化,并培育了科学研究者的想象力。与人类历史的以往时代相比,风险社会表现出对想象的强烈要求,因为高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下的认识和行动都需要得到想象的支持。想象是相似性思维的构成要素,构成了相似性思维行进中的重要环节。我们从风险社会对想象的要求中可以解读出作为一种思维方式的相似性思维,并重新引起人们的重视,它甚至会成为这个社会中的主导性的思维方式。Imagination is one of the hallmarks indicating that people can think,and plays a very important role in scientific research.However,in the development of science since modern times,as analytical thinking has become the dominant thinking mode,imagination is often excluded from scientific research.In particular,empirical research in social sciences has caused the consequence of inhibiting people’s imagination.Unlike being excluded from scientific research,imagination exists widely in daily life.In the development of human society,it is daily life that preserves imagination,promotes the evolution of imagination,and cultivates the imagination of scientific researchers.Compared with previous generations in human history,risk society shows a strong demand for imagination,because cognition and action under the condition of high complexity and high uncertainty need to be supported by imagination.Imagination is a constituent element of analogical thinking,or an important link in the progress of analogical thinking.From the requirements of risk society for imagination,we can understand that analogical thinking as a thinking mode has attracted people’s attention again,and it will even become the dominant thinking mode in the society.

关 键 词：科学研究 想象 分析性思维 相似性思维 实证研究 

分 类 号：C03[社会学]