碳纤维复合功能表面刀具拉削性能实验研究  

Experimental research on machinability of carbon fiber composite functional surface cutting tool

作　　者：韦一凡 蒙臻[1] 周吕敏 倪敬[1] 裘凯军 WEI Yi-fan;MENG Zhen;ZHOU Lv-min;NI Jing;QIU Kai-jun(College of Mechanical Engineering,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Inspection Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311305,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江省机电产品质量检测所有限公司,浙江杭州311305

出　　处：《机电工程》2023年第5期707-714,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(LQ21E050012);浙江省重点研发计划“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2022C01135)。

摘　　要：在拉削加工过程中,切屑会暂时存储在刀具的容屑槽中,划伤工件的已加工表面。传统的微结构刀具由于被动纳屑、效率低下,造成磨屑溢出,会影响拉削性能,为此,通过研究细胞纤毛结构的自清洁特性原理,提出了一种添加碳纤维材料的新型微结构刀具,并对碳纤维复合功能表面刀具的拉削性能进行了实验研究。首先,采用激光加工的方式,在键槽拉刀表面制备倒三角形微结构作为底层微结构,填充硅胶作为结合层,通过碳纤维束仿生纤毛组织与结合层紧密连接,制备了新型微结构刀具;然后,同单一倒三角织构刀具,在干切、水冷、油冷条件下进行了对比切削试验;最后,分别从切屑形态、加工质量、拉削负载等方面对新型微结构刀具的拉削性能进行了分析。研究结果表明:相较于单一倒三角形微结构,新型微结构刀具拉削产生的切屑形态弯曲程度升高了近44.6%,已加工工件表面质量提高了50.7%,拉削负载同理论曲线误差降低了69%;同时发现,新型微结构刀具的切屑形态与表面粗糙度存在98.7%的相关性,这说明,针对新型微结构刀具,凭借切屑形态就能对加工工件表面质量进行准确预测。In the broaching process,the chips will be temporarily stored in the chip pocket of the tool,which will scratch the machined surface of the workpiece.The traditional micro-structured cutting tools have low efficiency and passive chip-receiving,which will cause the overflow of abrasive chips and affect the broaching performance.Therefore,by studying the principle of self-cleaning characteristics of the cell ciliary structure,a new microstructure cutting tool added with carbon fiber material was proposed,and the broaching performance of carbon fiber composite functional surface cutter was studied experimentally.Firstly,an inverted triangular microstructure was prepared on the surface of the keyway broach by laser processing as the bottom microstructure,the silica gel was filled as the bonding layer,and the biomimetic ciliary tissue of carbon fiber bundles was closely connected with the bonding layer to prepare a new type of microstructure tool.Then,the tools were subjected to comparative cutting tests with a single inverted triangular texture tools under dry cutting,water cooling and oil cooling conditions.Finally,the broaching performance of the new microstructure tool was analyzed from the aspects of chip morphology,machining quality,and broaching load.The research results show that comparing with the single inverted triangular microstructure broaching,the new microstructure tool has a nearly 44.6%increase in the curvature of the chip shape,a 50.7%increase in the surface quality,and a 69%reduction in the error of the broaching load from the theoretical curve.At the same time,a 98.7%correlation is found between the chip morphology and surface roughness of the new macrostructure tool,which indicats that for the new macrostructure tool,the machining quality can be accurately predicted by the chip morphology.

关 键 词：拉削加工 仿生刀具 键槽拉刀 织构刀具 复合织构 切屑形态 表面粗糙度 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]