黄粉虫粉作为饲料蛋白源对草鱼摄食和生长的影响研究  

Dietary Mealworm and Soybean Meal Level Affected Feed Intake and Growth of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

作　　者：王孝宇 谭青松[1,2] 张孝睿 倪新宇 解绶启 WANG Xiaoyu;TAN Qingsong;ZHANG Xiaorui;Ni Xinyu;XIE Shouqi(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture,College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Hubei Wuhan 430070,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education,Hubei Wuhan 430070,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hubei Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,池塘健康养殖湖北省工程实验室,华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]水产养殖国家级实验教学示范中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第10期74-80,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项[2019YFD0900200]。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究黄粉虫粉作为饲料蛋白源对草鱼摄食和生长的影响,从而评价其在草鱼饲料中的应用价值。分别设计了以黄粉虫和豆粕为单一蛋白源的高、低蛋白质水平的4种饲料,并进行56 d的养殖试验,对比研究饲料蛋白源以及蛋白质水平对草鱼采食量、生长性能、嗅觉电信号响应和脑组织中摄食相关基因表达的影响。结果表明:草鱼对以黄粉虫粉为单一蛋白源的饲料摄食不佳,生长几乎处于停滞状态。对比分析发现,饲料蛋白源种类及蛋白质水平对平均摄食量、增重率、蛋白质效率、嗅觉电信号响应幅度和部分摄食相关基因(agrp和pomc)表达量影响显著,且因子间的交互作用显著。(1)比较以豆粕为蛋白源的饲料而言,黄粉虫粉饲料(L-MW和H-MW)组草鱼的摄食量、增重率、蛋白质效率和嗅觉电信号响应幅度显著降低(P<0.05);摄食含黄粉虫饲料的草鱼脑组织中促食基因npy和agrp的表达量显著下调且抑食基因pomc和cart的表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。(2)以豆粕为蛋白源时,H-SM组草鱼摄食量、增重率和嗅觉电信号响应幅度均显著高于L-SM组,而蛋白质效率却显著下降(P<0.05);H-SM饲料上调了促食基因npy和agrp的表达并下调了抑食基因pomc的表达(P<0.05)。以黄粉虫粉为饲料蛋白源时,H-MW组的增重率和蛋白质效率高于L-MW组(P<0.05),蛋白质水平对摄食量、摄食基因表达和嗅觉电信号响应幅度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。总之,黄粉虫粉不适宜作为草鱼的单一蛋白源,且饲料蛋白源类型及蛋白质水平可影响草鱼的嗅觉系统并调节脑组织中食欲相关基因的表达,从而调控草鱼的摄食行为和采食量。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary mealworm meal inclusion on the feed intake,growth,electro-olfactory signals and feeding-related genes expression in brain of grass carp,so as to evaluate the nutritional value of mealworm meal in this fish.Four diets with lowand high-protein levels based on a single protein sources,mealworm meal(MW)or soybean meal(SM)were designed,and the feeding trial lasted for 56 days.The results showed that fish fed with mealworm meal diets showed lower feeding rate and very low growth rate.Dietary protein sources and protein levels interacted to affect the weight gain rate,feed intake,protein efficiency ratio and the mRNA levels of agrp and pomc,while showed no significant effect on the survival rate.Specifically,①compared with soybean meal,the feeds containing mealworm meal(L-MW and H-MW)as protein source significantly decreased the weight gain rate,feed intake,pro⁃tein efficiency ratio and response amplitudes of electro-olfactory signals of grass carp(P<0.05);The ex⁃pressions of npy and agrp were significantly down-regulated,while the anti-feeding gene pomc and cart were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05)in the brain tissue of grass carp fed mealworm meal.②In soy⁃bean meal groups,the weight gain rate,feed intake and response amplitudes of electro-olfactory signals of grass carp in the H-SM group were significantly higher than L-SM group,but the protein efficiency ra⁃tio decreased significantly(P<0.05);H-SM diet up-regulated the expression of npy and agrp,but downregulated pomc expression(P<0.05).The weight gain rate and protein efficiency ratio were also higher in H-MW diet group than those in L-MW group(P<0.05),while there was no significant effect of dietary mealworm protein content on feeding-related gene expression and response amplitudes of electro-olfacto⁃ry signals of grass carp(P>0.05).In conclusion,mealworm meal was not suitable for grass carp diet when it was used as the sole protein source based on fish feeding and growth performance.An

关 键 词：草鱼 黄粉虫粉 豆粕 摄食基因 蛋白源 

分 类 号：S816.48[农业科学—饲料科学]