经典名方中何首乌与首乌藤的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：菅瑞至 刘洋洋[2] 冯剑[2] 李文兰[1] 詹志来 JIAN Ruizhi;LIU Yangyang;FENG Jian;LI Wenlan;ZHAN Zhilai(Pharmaceutical College,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine,Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Haikou 570311,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学药学院,哈尔滨150076 [2]中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所海南省南药资源保护与开发利用重点实验室,海口570311 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第11期12-22,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,笔者对经典名方中何首乌与首乌藤的名称、基原、药用部位、产地、品质、采收加工、炮制、功能主治、毒性等方面进行了系统的梳理和考证。结果发现何首乌之名始见于《何首乌传》且此名源自其发现者,历代皆以何首乌为其正名,自宋代起始将何首乌收入本草,以蓼科植物何首乌Fallopia multiflora为主流基原;明代以来除F.multiflora外,还将萝藦科植物柏氏白前Cynanchum bungei、隔山牛皮消C.wilfordii、耳叶牛皮消C.auriculatum作为何首乌基原;何首乌分布较广,古代著录的产区主要有广西陆川、江西赣州等地,近代以来推崇广东德庆等地为道地产区;产地加工多为挖出后洗净,切片,晒干;近代文献总结何首乌品质以体重、质坚实、粉性足者为佳,而首乌藤以条匀,外皮紫红色者为佳;清代及之前本草中记载何首乌采收时间主要为春末、夏中、初秋,到了近代采收时间主要为春秋两季,而首乌藤为秋季采收;古代何首乌的炮制方法在宋代主要以米泔水浸泡,明代为黑豆蒸制法,清代为蒸后黑豆汁浸渍,而近现代则多为切片后与黑豆汁、黄酒蒸至汁液吸尽。首乌藤为除去杂质,洗润或浸润,切段干燥。五代时,何首乌用于治疗不孕不育,以及由于风寒引起的胃肠道疾病和便血,宋代时多生用,用于治疗瘰疬和痈肿,元代和明代生熟并用,制何首乌用于治疗痔疮、腰膝酸软等。首乌藤主要用于治疗失眠、劳伤多汗、风疮疥癣等疾病。宋代时古人认为何首乌无毒,但到了明代之后才逐渐发现其毒性,目前对何首乌的毒性机制尚未解析清楚。基于考证结果,建议开发含何首乌的经典名方中选取何首乌F.multiflora为基原,从安全角度考虑,建议慎用何首乌生品,内服需以制何首乌入药。首乌藤则建议以生品入药。By reviewing ancient materia medica,medical books,prescription books and modern literature,this paper conducted a systematic research on name,origin,medicinal parts,producing area,quality,harvesting and processing methods,functions and toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PMR)and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis(PMC)in famous classical formulas.It was found that the name of Heshouwu was first found in the Biography of Heshouwu and originated from its discoverer,and then still in use today.Since the Song dynasty,Heshouwu has been included in the materia medica with Fallopia multiflora as the mainstream origin.Since the Ming dynasty,in addition to F.multiflora,Cynanchum bungei,C.wilfordii,C.auriculatum have been used as the origin of Heshouwu.Heshouwu is widely distributed,the production areas recorded in ancient times are mainly Luchuan,Guangxi and Ganzhou,Jiangxi,and in modern times,Deqing,Guangdong and other places are respected as the geo-authentic habitats.Its origin processing is mostly dug out,washed,sliced and dried in the sun.Modern literature concludes that the quality of PMR is better in terms of weight,solid quality and powder,while PMC is better in terms of uniformity and purplish-red skin.In the Qing dynasty and before that,it was recorded in the materia medica that PMR was harvested mainly in late spring,mid-summer and early autumn,in modern times,it was harvested mainly in spring and autumn,while PMC was harvested in autumn.In Song dynasty,the processing method of PMR was mainly soaked with rice-washed water,the Ming dynasty for black bean steaming method,the Qing dynasty for steaming followed by black bean juice maceration,while in modern times,it is mostly sliced and steamed with black bean juice and yellow rice wine until the juice is absorbed.PMC is prepared by removing impurities,washing or moistening,and cutting into sections to dry.During the five dynasties,PMR was used to treat infertility as well as gastrointestinal diseases and blood in the stool caused by wind chill,and during the Song dynasty

关 键 词：经典名方 何首乌 首乌藤 本草考证 基原 产地 炮制 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R932[文化科学] Z126