经典名方中马勃的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Lasiosphaera Calvatia in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：毕雅琼 王爱祥 包海鹰[2] 孟武威 张春红[4] 李旻辉 詹志来[6] BI Yaqiong;WANG Aixiang;BAO Haiying;MENG Wuwei;ZHANG Chunhong;LI Minhui;ZHAN Zhilai(Inner Mongolia Academy of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine,Hohhot 010010,China;Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130033,China;Bozhou Jingwan Chinese Herbal Medicine Factory,Bozhou 236800,China;Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014060,China;Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hohhot 010020,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区中蒙医药研究院,呼和浩特010010 [2]吉林农业大学,长春130033 [3]亳州市京皖中药饮片厂,安徽亳州236800 [4]包头医学院,内蒙古包头014060 [5]内蒙古自治区中医医院,呼和浩特010020 [6]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第11期23-33,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);2019年医疗服务与保健能力提升补助资金(中医药事业传承与发展部分)“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社[2019]39号)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,笔者对马勃的名称、基原、近代学名考订沿革、产地、品质评价、药用部位、采收加工与炮制、功效主治等内容进行了系统梳理与考证。结果表明马勃始载于《名医别录》,历代皆以“马勃”为正名;宋代以前马勃的基原为紫色马勃Calvatia lilacina,宋代之后扩展,出现大马勃C.gigantea、脱皮马勃Lasiosphaera fenzlii、长根静灰球Bovistella radicata等品种,直至近代,又增加了网纹马勃Lycoperdon perlatum、梨形马勃L.pyriforme等,1975年后各法规与学术专著等收录的马勃基原趋于一致,为紫色马勃、脱皮马勃和大马勃3种;马勃在我国分布广泛,均为野生资源;从古至今其药用部位均为子实体,夏秋采收,其炮制方法古代为取粉或取末用,现代则多为剪块使用;近代总结其品质以个大、皮薄、完整、饱满、松泡、有弹性者为佳;其药用功效从“傅诸疮甚良”不断发展,明清以后与2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》一致,具有清肺、利咽、解热、止血的功效,主治咳嗽失音、喉痹咽痛、吐血、衄血、咯血,外治疮肿及刀伤出血等。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中马勃基原首选紫色马勃C.lilacina,将其炮制加工成块状或粉末状入药。By consulting ancient materia medica,medical books,prescription books and modern literature,this paper systematically combed and reviewed the name,origin,scientific name evolution,producting area,quality evaluation,medicinal parts,harvesting and processing and traditional efficacy of Lasiosphaera Calvatia.The results show that Mabo was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu.Since then,all dynasties have taken Mabo as a legitimate name.Before the Song dynasty,only Calvatia lilacina was used as the original plant of Lasiosphaera Calvatia,which was expanded after the Song dynasty with the appearance of C.gigantea,Lasiosphaera fenzlii,Bovistella radicata and other varieties.Until modern times,there was an addition of Lycoperdon perlatum,L.pyriforme and other original plants of Lasiosphaera Calvatia.Since 1975,the original plant of Lasiosphaera Calvatia in various regulations and academic monographs has been basically uniform for C.lilacina,Lasiosphaera fenzlii and C.gigantea.Resource of the medicinal fungus was widely distributed in China and was mainly wild.From ancient times to the present,the medicinal parts of Lasiosphaera Calvatia are all fruiting body,which is harvested in summer and autumn,and its processing method was to take powder in ancient times,but to cut blocks in modern times.In recent times,its quality has been summarized as large,thinskinned,intact,full,loose-bubbled and elastic.The medicinal efficacy has been developed from very good for all scores,and after the Ming and Qing dynasties,it is consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,with the efficacy of clearing the lung,promoting pharynx,relieving fever and hemostasis,mainly treating cough aphonia,throat obstruction and pharyngeal pain,vomiting blood,epistaxis,hemoptysis,and external treating sores and bleeding from cuts and wounds.Based on the results of herbal textual research,it is suggested that C.lilacina is the first choice for the origin of Lasiosphaera Calvatia involved in famous classical formulas,and it is processed into block or

关 键 词：经典名方 药用马勃 本草考证 基原 学名沿革 中药炮制 功能主治 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R932[文化科学] Z126