汉大赋中动植物书写的特色  

The Characteristic of Flora and Fauna Writing in Han Fu

作　　者：踪凡[1] ZONG Fan(School of Literature,Capital Normal University,BeiJing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院,北京100089

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期101-107,共7页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA249):历代赋论整理研究;北京市社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA21):历代赋学文献续编与研究。

摘　　要：汉代散体大赋抛弃了《诗经》轻盈灵动的比兴手法,以及《楚辞》婉转清深的美人香草之喻,使用分类展列的方式书写动物、植物,形成了中国文学史上一道独特的景观。赋中动植物数量众多,已达《诗经》《楚辞》的六七倍之巨,在意象上平面铺开,鳞次栉比,具有鲜明的图案化特征。汉赋作家具有初步的类别意识,遵循同类相聚、“离辞连类”的原则,对飞禽、走兽、水族、花草、树木等进行各自铺写,这为类书的产生提供了资料来源和分类基础。赋中名物虚实相间,因夸成奇,掺杂有不少异域物产甚至神鸟异兽,反映了汉帝国上升时期囊括万有、征服一切的豪迈心胸。汉大赋动植物还具有“可增减性”与“可替换性”,但过分铺陈也会有“繁类成艳”“腴辞害骨”之弊,这是散体大赋走向僵化与衰落的重要原因。Han Fu recorded a large number of plants and animals which is six or seven times more than The Book of Songs and The Poems of Chu.In general,the greatest characteristic in Han Fu is that the image is completely spread out.The author describes about birds,beast,marine organism,flowers and trees according to the principle of gathering of the same kind.There are many exotic products and even mythical birds,animals in the Fu,reflecting the openness,inclusiveness and embrace of the world of Han Dynasty in the ascendant period.In addition,Plants and animals in Fu can also be increased,decreased and replaced.But excessive description can also lead to a loss of readability and emotional expression.This is the significan reason for the decline and rigidity of the Fu.

关 键 词：汉大赋 动植物 展列 分类 夸饰 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]