后立法时期中医药在葡萄牙发展存在的问题与思考  

Development Dilemmas and Thoughts on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Portugal in the Post-legislative Era

作　　者：叶晓 陈云慧[4] 王颖 张宗明[1] YE Xiao;CHEN Yunhui;WANG Ying;ZHANG Zongming(School of Medical Humanities,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,210023;School of Humanities and Management,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University;Confucius Institute at the University of Coimbra;International Education College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;International Education College,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医药医学人文学院,江苏省南京市210023 [2]浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院 [3]Confucius Institute at the University of Coimbra,Portugal [4]成都中医药大学国际教育学院 [5]浙江中医药大学国际教育学院

出　　处：《中医杂志》2023年第9期968-972,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：浙江省社科规划课题成果(20NDJC118YB);国家社会科学基金(18ZDA322)。

摘　　要：葡萄牙是西方最早对中医药进行国家层面立法的国家之一,体现了当地民众和政府对中医药的认可和支持,但立法后中医药在葡萄牙的发展仍面临诸多困境。采用查阅文献、研读相关葡语法律、田野调查及民众访谈等方式,从中医药学科发展受限、中医药合格师资匮乏、中医药学历教育办学经费不足、私立中医药学校萎缩和西医学界的反对态度等方面剖析后立法时期中医药在葡萄牙发展的主要困境和成因。并针对性提出对于学科限制、民办学校转型、执业资格统一考试和中葡中医药学历互认等部分问题须通过葡萄牙当地政府和利益相关方根据实际情况协商或通过修订法律条款来解决。从国内中医学界角度,则需加强与已设立中医药本科教育的理工学院的合作及进行中医药诊疗标准和循证医学研究,通过形式多样的活动和媒介向各类人群展示中医药的确切疗效和独特内涵,出版社和社科类科研项目应适当对小语种的翻译和研究倾斜等,从而深化对中医药海外跨文化传播的认识,进一步精准化推动中医药的国际化发展。Portugal is one of the earliest western countries to legislate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)at the national level,which reflects the recognition and support from the local people and government,though it also contributes to many negative factors for the TCM development in the country.This article comprehensively analyzed the dilemmas and the underlying causes of the development of TCM in the post-legislative period in Portugal from the aspects of discipline development difficulty,lack of qualified TCM teachers,financial support insufficiency in running schools for TCM education,the shrinking of private TCM schools,and opposition attitudes of the western medical community by means of literature review,study of relevant Portuguese laws,long-term field investigations and interviews.The main difficulties and causes of TCM development were unearthed,and according constructive opinions and countermeasures were put forward,such as For discipline restrictions,the transition of private schools,the standardized examination for professional qualifications,and mutual recognition of TCM degrees,it is suggested to resolve the problems through negotiations between the Portugal government and stakeholders based on the actual situation or through amendments to legal provisions.From the perspective of domestic TCM community,we can strengthen contact and cooperation on with the polytechnics that have established the TCM degree education and conduct the research on the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment and evidence-based medicine,show the exact efficacy and unique connotation of TCM to various groups of people through different forms of activities and media,give preference to the translation and research in minor languages from the publishing houses and social science research projects,so as to deepen people's understanding of the overseas cross-cultural communication of TCM,and further promote the precise support for international development of TCM.

关 键 词：中医药立法 文化传播 中医药法 葡萄牙 

分 类 号：R-4[医药卫生]